在正式语体中,by oneself 中的介词by是不可以省略的;在非正式语体中,by oneself 中的介词by是可以省略的。例如:One could do it (by) oneself but it would be difficult . 人们可以独立地做这件事,但是,那将是非常困难的。(赵振才教授:《英语常见问题解答大词典》增订版p.1008) 以上观点,不知是黎老师自己的,还是引用赵振才教授的? 对此,我有不同的看法: ▲by oneself 和 oneself 的区别,不存在“正式语体”还是“非正式语体”的问题。问题在于,这两个词语的含义和用法不同。 前者是介词短语,by 表示方式,by oneself 意为“通过自己本人,不是借助外力”,在句中作方式状语。 后者是反身代词,在句中作名词或代词的同位语,其作用主要是加强语气,意为“自己,亲自,本人”等,在意思上接近by oneself,但不等于 by oneself。 ▲因此,无论“正式语体”还是“非正式语体”,该用by oneself就用by oneself,该用oneself就用 oneself。这与文体无关。 反身代词在句中作名词或代词的同位语,用来加强其语气,常位于名词或代词后。或者说,作主语或宾语的同位语,作主语的同位语时也可位于句尾。 I myself made the mistake about your address. 我自己把你的地址搞错了。 An old man wants to see the manager himself. 一位老人想见经理本人。(还有一种意思:一位老人想亲自见经理。) Adeline worked out the problem herself. 爱德琳自己做出了这道题。 I can manage it myself. 我自己能处理。 You'd better go and see yourself. 你最好亲自去看看。 We should take care of the matter ourselves. 我们应当自己处理那件事情。 ▲反身代词还常和不同的介词搭配构成固定短语,表示“方式、目的、方面、范围”等概念,在句中作状语。 ▲by oneself (=alone)独自;单独 John managed to repair his car by himself. 约翰设法独力修理自己的汽车。 Now my son can make his bed by himself. 现在我儿子会自己铺床了。 I'm tired of always cleaning the house by myself. 我厌烦了总是由我打扫房间 I painted the room all by myself. 我独自一人粉刷了屋子。 ▲其他词组与例句: for oneself 为自己 in oneself 自身 to oneself 独自占用 of oneself 自动地 between oneself 私下说 among oneself 彼此之间 You shouldn't leave the child by himself at home. 你不应把孩子独自留在家里。 You'll have to see if he has come for yourself. 你得亲自去看看他是否已来了。 Jim is not bad in himself, but he is a little shy. 吉姆本身并不坏,只是有点害羞。 You shouldn't keep the story to yourself. 你不应该把这个故事独自享用。 We don't need to call him; he will wake up of himself. 我们没有必要叫他,他会自己醒的。 The three brothers often quarrel among themselves. 这兄弟三人经常吵架。
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