1 the first (+noun) to have been done...分析结构
老师们好，请问这道题选什么？
—Johnson is said to be the first young teacher ______ to professor in your university this year.
—Exactly. ______ of his own competence is an important factor in his success.
A. promoted; Convincing
B. to have been promoted; Convincing
C. promoted; Convinced
D. to have been promoted; Being convinced
选好后，再分析一下下面语料中to have been done结构。
请看一下这些语料：
https://www.nytimes.com › 2019/06/20 › sports › nba-draft-picks-results
2019年6月20日 - ... parents, he will be just the third player born in Japan to play in the N.B.A. and he is the first of the three to have been drafted in the first round.
https://www.nytimes.com › 2000/11/08 › politics › hillary-clinto...
2000年11月7日 - She is the first woman to have been elected senator from New York, the latest turn in an improbable if wrenching public life that has both ...
https://www.nytimes.com › 2008/01/11 › arts › design
2008年1月11日 - This volume is the first known book to have been produced by the French publisher Antoine Vérard, and it helped establish Paris as a leading ...
https://www.nytimes.com › 2018/10/11 › arts › design › winning...
2018年10月11日 - The self-destructing painting is “the first artwork in history to have been created live during an auction,” Alex Branczik, head of Sotheby's ...
https://www.nytimes.com › interactive › 2018/10/04 › magazine
2018年10月4日 - She is the first African-American woman to have been nominated for the Academy Award for film editing, for her work on Jenkins's “Moonlight.
https://www.economist.com › leaders › 2000/08/17 › what-the-in...
2000年8月17日 - ... humanity cannot simply invent away its failings. The Internet is not the first technology to have been hailed as a panacea—and it will certainly ...
https://www.economist.com › graphic-detail › 2016/05/13 › a-his...
2016年5月13日 - Dilma Rousseff is not the first president to have been impeached.
https://www.economist.com › taxonomy › term
The hall was originally built for malting barley, as the first stage in brewing beer, and it is one of the first Victorian industrial buildings to have been transformed ...
最佳答案 2019-09-11 08:01
1 第二空为主语位置，convince的用法决定了只有D 为正确选项。
2 你的问题的核心是 the first+sb/sth +被动不定式的完成体这种形式是否得当。
答案：这种被动不定式完成体作定语完全正确，而且不定式完成体可以简化为一般体to be done结构。
Michael Swan在《实用英语用法指南》中指出：（以下不是原句，是我的归纳。）
the +序数词+名词 +不定式作定语，该名词和不定式必须是逻辑主谓关系，否则便是语法错误，要改用that从句作定语。例如：
Tom was the first man to arrive. (名词man和不定式to arrive为主谓关系，正确。）
= Tom was the first man that had arrived. 正确
That was the first time for Tom to visit China. （名词time与不定式to visit不是主谓关系，所以该句为错误。）
That was the first time that Tom had visited China. 正确
以下是我们的推理：
从that从句需要用完成体可知，这个结构中的to do不定式表示的动作都是已经发生过的动作（主句谓语is/was时间之前）。所以to do不定式实际是不定式完成体的简化。不定式用完成体也是正确的，而且语法上“更正确”，只不过不存在to do与to have done之间的区别，都表示先于谓语时间的动作，所以完成体就被一般体替代了。例如：
Tom was the first man to have arrived.
= Tom was the first man to arrive.
以上二句不存在不定式动作时间上的差别，区别只在于语体。用完成体显得更为正式，非正式语体通常用to do 形式。
上面提及不定式作定语必须与名词为逻辑主谓关系，这种主谓关系包括被动的主谓关系。所以，the+序数词+名词+被动不定式，只要名词与不定式是被动主谓关系，就是正确的。例如：
That was the first American film to be shown in China.
= That was the first American film to have been shown in China.
Armstrong was the first man to have been sent to the moon.
=Armstrong was the first man to be sent to the moon.
= Armstrong was the first man that had been sent to the moon.
如果我们讲述阿波罗号登月的故事，讲到Armstrong被选为登月的宇航员，但还没有成行，就不能用was, 而要用would be:
Armstrong would be the first man to be sent to the moon.
= Armstrong would be the first man to have been sent to the moon.
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