不定式和定语从句的关系
老师好。我在书中看到关于不定式的部分有几个句子很困惑。 1，I dont think he is the best man to do the job. 2，The next train to arrive is from New York. 3，Clint was the only person to survive the air crash. 4，He was the second person to be killed in this way. 这几个句子里，我能明白第1，2个都能轻易的改写成定语从句，比如the best man who can do the job 或the text train which will arrive，意思上也都是谓语动词还没有切实的发生。 可是像3，4这样的已经是过去时了，给它们的翻译也都是发生过事情，所以是怎么能够把它们从定语从句改写成“to do”呢。还原成定语从句的样子，应该也是the only person surviving/who survived 和 the second person killed /who was killed. 肯定不会是过去将来时吧，就像 the only person who would survive... 很困惑，望老师指点。
最佳答案 2019-09-06 00:05
sb is/was the first/second/last/only person to do sth.
注意这个结构中，序数词或only前有定冠词the, 不定式与person必须是主谓关系。这个结构中的不定式表示的都是在谓语时间（is/was)之前已经发生过的动作，而不表示尚未发生的将来动作。不定式的完成体to have done就被一般体to do代替了。如果不定式改为定语从句，则从句谓语就需要用完成体（现在完成时或过去完成时）。例如：
Clint was the only person to survive the air crash.
= Clint was the only person that had survived the air crash.
He was the second person to be killed in this way.
= He was the second person that had been killed in this way.
这种结构中不定式用完成体也是可以的，但由于这个句型的to do不定式都表示谓语之前的动作，不存在to do与to have done之间的区别，所以，通常多用to do代替to have done。以下为该句型用to have done形式的例句（COCA）：
He quickly discovered that he wasnt the first man to have had that reaction to Deb Gardner.
Boshen was not the first man to have fallen in love with Yang.
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