②in the way in which 照.........方式
例句1:They did as I had asked.
他们是按照我的要求去做的。
例句2: Leave the papers as they are.
别去动那些文件。
例句3: She lost it,just as I said she would.
我就说了吧,她把它丢了。
疑问1:in the way in which,凭什么是介词in?介词 +which等于that。介词+which中的介词应该是根据定语从句中不及物动词搭配的介词决定的。如果是及物动词就用that。
疑问2:They did as I had asked不全的话:They did as I had asked they had done.那么省略的话应该是They did as I had asked they had才对。
疑问3:Leave the papers as they are.这句they are到底是什么成分,为啥没有they are不接表语、状语?
1 They did as I had asked.
2 Leave the papers as they are.
3 She lost it, just as I said she would.
以上三个句子中,as的用法是不同的。
句1和句2中,as引到方式状语从句并带有比较的意味。《剑桥语法》认为as引导的方式状语从句是比较分句的一个亚类。
词典对as的解释为=in the way that/in which
这足以说明as是个融合词,既要引导从句作状语(in the way),又要在从句中作成分(in which)。
例如第一句:
I had asked them to do something in a particular way. and then they did it in a particular way. 他们做那件事的方式和我要求他们做那件事的方式是相同的。用as表示相同。则得到They did as I had asked (them to).
as既引导方式状语从句,又在从句中作省略了的不定式的方式状语。
第二句;
Leave the papers as they are.
The papers are in a certain condition (介词短语作表语,表示主语的状态). Don't do anything about them. Leave them in that condition.(介词短语作宾补,表示宾语的状态)。the papers原来的状态和我们让它们保持的状态是相同的。用as替代介词短语表示二个状态是相同的。as既引导宾补从句,表示宾语的状态,又在从句中作表语,表示原来的状态。
第三句中的as从句并不是方式状语从句,而是一个比较分句。
She lost it, just as I said she would.
这个句子类似于传统语法认为的as引导的非限制性定语从句。只不过as的先行词表示整个主句,而只是谓部。其逻辑是这样的:我说过她会做某件事,她实际上做了某件事。她实际做的事和我说她会做的事是相同的,用as来表示相同。as替代了主句的谓语部分lose it, 并在从句中作would后的实义动词+宾语。
如果这个句子省去she would.
She lost it, just as I said.
这就是传统语法的as引导非限制性定语从句了。as从句可以移至句首:
Just as I said, she lost it.
此时as替代的是整个主句内容。逻辑是:我预测了一件事,主句表示的这件事和我预测的相同。I said she would lose it. and later she actually lost it.
as引导比较分句,并在分句中作said的宾语(从句)。
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试答如下:
疑问1:in the way in which,凭什么是介词in?介词 +which等于that。介词+which中的介词应该是根据定语从句中不及物动词搭配的介词决定的。如果是及物动词就用that。
在way之后跟有定语从句,而way在其中充当状语时,共有三种表达方式:(A)the way,(B)the way that,(C)the way in which (这里选in主要原因是the way的缘故)
最常见的表达方式是(A):
1.That's the way she spoke.(CGEL) 那就是她说话的方式。
2.He doesn't speak the way I do.(LDCE) 他说话方式不像我。
3.People liked the way he wrote and so he went on writing.(Walpole) 人们喜欢他的写作方式,所以他继续写。
4.They didn't do it the way we do now.(Hill) 他们没有以我们现在的方式来做那件事。
5.The way she spoke hurt me. 她说话的方式刺伤了我。
6.No one...can understand the way I miss Dave.(F.Buldwin) 没有人能理解我是怎样地想念戴夫。
偶尔也采用表达方式(B)(the way that):
1.That's the way that he did it.(CGEL) 那就是他用的手段。
2.I don't like the way that you laugh at her.(LDCE) 我不喜欢你那样嘲笑她。
3.They didn't do it the way that we do now.(Hill) 他们没有用我们现在用的方式来做那件事。
表达方式(C)大都用在较正式语体里:
1.She was pleased with the way in which he had accepted her criticism.(Bennet) 她对他接受她的批评的方式很高兴。
2.We admired him for the way in which he faces his difficulties.(Worrall) 我们因他对待困难的方式而敬佩他。
3.What's the right way in which to address the Queen?(LDCE) 怎样称呼女王是正确的?
4.One's character is defined by the way in which the rules are embodied in one's behavior. 一个人的个性可由他行为中体现的准则来表示。
5.The way in which this matter can be used depends on its properties. 这东西怎样用取决于它的性质。
疑问2:They did as I had asked不全的话:They did as I had asked they had done.那么省略的话应该是They did as I had asked they had才对。
补全是:They did as I had asked they should.
用法见Macmillan English Dictionary 2nd Edition
ask that someone (should) do something: The committee has asked that this scheme be stopped for now.
疑问3:Leave the papers as they are.这句they are到底是什么成分,为啥没有they are不接表语、状语?
as they are方式状语;这里are是不及物动词,用法见《美国传统双解》:
To remain in a certain state or situation undisturbed, untouched, or unmolested: 处于,持续:保持某一种状态不受干扰、没被触碰、没被干涉妨害:
Let the children be. 随这些孩子们去