Steve Jobs, who was criticized for being too pushy, increased employee benefits and compensation. 这句话可以改写成 Becase Steve Jobs was criticized for being too pushy, he increased employee benefits and compensation。
类似地,Although many people prefer to shop at decorative emporiums with a wide variety shops, I prefer to go shopping at smaller exclusive stores which offer more intimate and high quality costumer experiences. 这句话可以改写成Although many people prefer to shop at decorative emporiums with a wide variety shops, I prefer to go shopping at smaller exclusive stores due to their offering more intimate and high quality costumer experiences.
定语从句可以表达状语从句的意义(我以前的一个解答,网友可参考)
有网友问,下面的句子来自浙江大学外语教研室编写的《实用科技英语语法》:
A light beam that consists of light of all wave lengths gives a continuous spectrum. 光束如果包含了各种波长的光就会呈现出连续光谱。
我不太明白,译文中的“如果”是怎么来的?原文中并无 if 之类的词,请专家指教,谢谢!
这是一个非常有趣的问题。定语从句的翻译要灵活,不能一字对应一字地翻译。我们要发现从句和主句之间的各种关系,并充分考虑汉语的表达习惯,做到使译文通顺流畅。尽管句中没有 if,但我们翻译成中文时,考虑到定语从句表达了条件句的意义,所以,按照条件状语从句翻译。又如:
How can anyone hope to be a qualified teacher, who doesn't know what the students are thinking and demanding? 一个人如果不知道他的学生在想什么,需要什么,怎么能指望自己成为一个合格的教师呢?
针对你的这个问题,我从《英语中的矛盾现象》(中国国际广播出版社,1992年版,本人编著)摘录部分例句,请参考。
英语中,有些从句在形式上是定语从句,因为句子有先行词和关系词。但是,在意义上并非作定语,而是作状语。或者说,这些定语从句已经超越了定语的意义范畴,而进入了状语的意域。从意义上看,它不是作某个先行词的定语,而是修饰主句的谓语动词或者整个主句的内容了。所以,为了理解方便,我们称之为“定语从句的形式,状语从句的意义”。
1. 定语从句的形式,条件状语从句的意义
The same thing, which happened twenty years ago, would lead to disaster. (=The same thing would lead to disaster if it happened twenty years ago.) 同样一件事情,如果发生在20年前,将会导致灾难。
2. 定语从句的形式,原因状语从句的意义
He is a kind man, who is always ready to help others. (=He is a kind man because he is always ready to help others.) 他是一个好人,因为他总是乐于助人。
3. 定语从句的形式,让步状语从句的意义
Smith insisted on building another house which he had no use for. (=Smith insisted on building another house though he had no use for it.) 史密斯坚持再盖一幢房子,尽管他无此需要。
4. 定语从句的形式,目的状语从句的意义
He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. (=He wishes to write an article so that it will attract public attention to the matter.) 他想写篇文章,以便引起公众对此事的关注。
5. 定语从句的形式,结果状语从句的意义
My car broke down halfway, which caused me to come late. (=My car broke down halfway so that it caused me to come late.) 我的车在半路上出了故障,结果使我来晚了。
6. 定语从句的形式,时间状语从句的意义
I saw Mr. Wang who was wandering on the street. (=I saw Mr. Wang when he was wandering on the street.) 王先生在街上散步的时候,我见到了他。
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毕竟我们也是有汉语语法基础的,不用事事都去仆从英语:
简化一下:
1. JS, who was rich, helped her.
2. Because JS was rich, he helped her.
句子1,JS帮她也许不是金钱上的; 也许是常常在金钱上资助;
句子2很可能就是金钱上的,也很可能是这次或是常常帮助了她。
但1&2的交集都是,JS帮了她。
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Though he likes the shop A that has X, I like the shop B __________.
1. that has Y
2. ,because it has Y
句子1,Y 可能是B的自有属性(如建筑);句子2,Y 可能是B的临时特点(如服务员)
但1&2的交集都是,B有Y,Y与X不同。
3. 她喜欢那些有高鼻子的男人
4. 她喜欢那些男人,因为他们有高鼻子
这两句的区别,可能要语境确定。比如她妈妈打她时,临时蹦出来的一句话应该是4而不太可能是3. 总体3&4没大的区别,信息重心不太一样而已。
故我个人的结论是,也许可以改写,语义有时察觉不到有什么区别,但有时会差别较大。