You can put the dishes in the kitchen.

in the kitchen 是修饰put 的状语，是限制性的，必具性的。只有put 没有地点或位置，句子就不完整。我们可以用其他词语代替in the kitchen，但不能没有状语。例如：

You can put the dishes here.

You can put the dishes over there.

You can put the dishes away.

Will you please invite all of them in?

副词小品词in 作宾语补足语，是补充、说明宾语的。

副词小品词能否作宾补，最简单的判断办法是，它能否提到及物动词之后，宾语之前？例如上句的away 就可以提到put 之后，宾语之前，说明away 不是宾补。

You can put the dishes away. =

You can put away the dishes.

Will you please invite all of them in?  这里in 是不能提前的。它其实是to come in 的省略。在现实语言中，为了句子简练，可以把已知的动词直接省去，只留下副词小品词。又如：

The teacher allowed the boy out.（省略to go之后，句意保持不变。）

Parents don't permit their children out during the night. 

When I arrived home, I found all the guests out.

判断状语还是宾补，还要结合语境。是不是“find + 宾语 + 介词短语”结构，都是介词短语作宾补？或都是作状语？ 这要看介词短语的作用，如果是修饰谓语动词的，就是状语。如果是补充说明宾语的，则是宾补。例如：

We found many beautiful shells on the shore. （状语）

我们在岸边找到了好多美丽的贝壳。

He found their address in the telephone directory. （状语）

他在电话薄里找到了他们的住址。

He found himself in the hospital when he woke up.（宾补）

I found myself in an unknown land.（宾补）