1 give的特殊用法(give sb until...)
各位老师好，想问一下下面这个句子里的give是什么意思，怎么个搭配：
British courts have given the government until the end of July to come up with a new plan to cut air pollution.
谢谢老师!
最佳答案 2019-07-29 06:54
until介词短语似乎可以取代及物动词后的时间名词。例如：
spend time doing sth （doing为方面状语）
it take time to do sth （不定式为真正主语）
give sb time to do sth （不定式为与宾语有关的状语）
以上三种结构中的时间名词均可被until介词短语取代。以下为COCA例句：
We spent until 2 a.m. rebuilding.
And it took until yesterday for the White House to even appear to acknowledge this discrepancy.
It took until 1928 for Edwin Hubble, the space telescope's namesake, to link the " fake comet " with the object Chinese astronomers observed centuries before.
The Phillies gave him until midday Thursday to decide on it.
American Airlines pilots got a reprieve today. A federal judge in Dallas gave them until
April 12th to defend their ten-day sick-out.
所以网友的这个句子中：
British courts have given the government until the end of July to come up with a new plan to cut air pollution. 不定式应该是与宾语有关的状语。这个句子可以改写为下句，意义不变（假设法庭做决定的时间为五月初）
British courts have given the government two months to come up with a new plan to cut air pollution.
很显然不定式是目的状语。但不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，而是宾语。所以为与宾语有关的状语。give后接双宾语，不可能再有宾补。逻辑上不定式也不可能是定语。尤其是时间名词被until介词短语替换后更不能将不定式分析为定语。
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其它 4 个回答
give 由其本义“托付；提出”，引申出“要求” 之意。是比较正式的用法。
这时的give 可以接复合宾语，宾补由不定式充当。
until the end of July 是修饰不定式的时间状语，不是修饰have given 的，这从时态即可看出。
结构分析如下：
British courts （主语）have given （谓语动词）the government （宾语）until the end of July to come up with a new plan to cut air pollution.（宾补）
【翻译】英国法院已要求政府，在7月底之前提出一项新的减少空气污染的计划。
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= have given the government a deadline of XXX
给大家找几个例子参考
< a tedious task which took until almost ten o'clock that night — M.M.Musselman >
——（Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged，见until词条）
He has been given until noon today to turn himself in to authorities...
——（the Collins COBUILD Advanced Learner's English Dictionary 6th Edition Collins Cobuild，见turn in词条）
He had given them until dawn, which meant he would be spending the night here, in the woods.
——（The Reign of the Brown Magician: Worlds of Shadow #3 - 第 184 页 ）
Moscow had given them until 1 March to respond positively to the ...
——（The Foreign Office and Finland: Diplomatic Sideshow - 第 123 页）
give the government... to come up a new plan
整体是SVOC
以前没见过这样说，不过我觉得，句子来源没问题的话，只能这样分析
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