Always do to others as you would be done by.
正如老师你说的一样,不及物动词+介词也可以构成被动语态,我的疑问是,后面by的方式状语,是理解成:by you would be done?
这个问题我在前面的解答中已经讲得很清楚了,你没有仔细看。
do by 是不及物动词do+介词by 构成的及物短语动词,后接某人做宾语。
《韦氏词典》
do by
: to deal with : TREAT
They did pretty well by me when I retired.
即do by = treat 。后接人作宾语,再加必具性方式状语。
我们将上述词典例句改为被动语态,则得到:
I was done by pretty well when I retired. 我退休时,他们对我很好。
不及物动词+介词构成的及物动词,后接的宾语其实就是介词by的宾语,改为被动语态后,介词的宾语作了主语,介词就不可能再后接名词了。例如:
So many people looked at him. (look不及物,him其实是介词at的宾语)
He was looked at by so many people. (at的宾语已经做了主语,at后不可能再加名词了。)
同理,下面句子中:
Always do to others as you would be done by.
by的宾语已经是主语了,不可在by后再加任何名词结构。网上流传的解答都是胡说的,没有查词典。by 后接others是错误的。介词的宾语怎么能随便省略?
by在此也不是方式状语。方式状语是由as充当的。as引导方式状语从句,并在从句中做方式状语。as可以改写为 in the same way that
Always do to others in the same way that you would be done by.
这样你就清楚关系副词that在从句中做方式状语。
They did badly by me.
I was done by badly.
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