that有一种特殊用法,用来强调一个句子中的状语。我记不清在那本书上看到的。例如:
I love you very much.
如果说话人想要强调状语,可以说:
I love you, and that very much.
这个that指代前面的主语+谓语,即相当于重复前句,再加上状语,这样状语就得到了突出。所以:
I love you, and that very much.
= I love you, and I love you very much.
I love you, and that despite the fact that you are poor.
= I love you, and I love you despite the fact that you are poor.
I love you, and that because you are a brave man.
= I love you, and I love you because you are a brave man.
注意以上句子中,that 后均为状语成分,并不是系表结构省略了或遗漏了系词be。
也许美国人将这种用法作了演绎,用this替换了that,就得到了如下结构:
I love you and this despite the fact that you are poor.
= I love you and I love you despite the fact that you are poor.
This指代前面说过的情况,后接状语予以突出。语法结构上是并列结构。
This is despite 则是另一种结构,this指代前面句子描述的内容,作主语,is在此表示系词,而是不及物动词表示存在或发生(takes place/happens) , 后接状语,句型为SVA(主动状)。句子意为,尽管...,这种情况还是发生了。其实,This is because从句,很多人有疑虑,原因状语从句怎么能作表语。传统语法的解释是because从句可以作表语。其实,将这个be分析为不及物动词,this 指代前面句子内容(这件事),is为发生/出现,后接原因状语从句,并不是表语从句。
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This is despite evidence that a dollar spent on risk-reduction saves at least two on reconstruction.
网友“沐如春风”再次把这个问题贴出来,很好。可以继续讨论。
我仍然保持原来的解答观点不变。这次是针对老外的解答,说说我自己的看法:
1. 这个句子的主干是“主系表”结构:This is despite evidence ...
2. despite 是一个表示让步意义的“介词”, 介词短语despite evidence 作表语。that...是 evidence 的同位语从句。
3. 网友列举的3种表达:
...Channel 5, and this despite the fact...
...Channel 5, despite the fact that...
...Channel 5. This is despite the fact that...
就目前我个人的看法,第一种属于不规范的英语,漏掉了is,应改为:and this is despite the fact...
这样改正后,以下三种表达都正确:
...Channel 5, and this is despite the fact... (并列句)
...Channel 5, despite the fact that...(单句)
...Channel 5. This is despite the fact that...(两个单句)
4. 既然despite 是介词,介词短语可以作表语,那么第一种、第三种表达,语法正确,没有问题。第二种直接用介词短语作“让步状语”,更没有问题。为了更好理解这个问题,我用because of 作一类比。唯一的区别是“语义不同”。前者是让步,后者是原因。
(1)A big fire broke out last night, and this was because of the fact that he was careless.
(2)A big fire broke out last night, because of the fact that he was careless.
(3)A big fire broke out last night. This was because of the fact that he was careless.
我认为,老外说的“强调” 只对了一半。句1和句3虽然带有强调的意味,但本质上是:把一句话分成两句话说!
最后,给网友提示一下,这个句子没有什么特别的。这属于语言表达多样化,它为我们提供了更多的展示思想、交流思想的自由。
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