It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s because refiners were paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they did last year.
Q1: 想问下 这里为什么last year's 就会让句子不平行了呢? last year's不可以还原成 last year's heating-oil prices嘛?
那样句子前面就变成 It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s heating-oil prices rose 这样还原有问题吗?
Q2 because句子前面是were paying 后面用did这样可以吗?因为一般见到的都是比如pay VS did
这位网友以为比较分句必须是和主句完全平行的结构,即必须是相同的动词,相同的时态才能省略,这种认识是错误的。虽然比较分句的结构常和主句结构相同,但也可以完全不同。即使从句和主句的谓语动词相同,时态也可以不同。所以,平行结构在比较分句里是不适用的。换句话说,比较分句通常采用缩减形式,即采用省略和替代形式,是比较分句的常态而不是特例。比较分句的补全是为了给初学者解释句子结构,现实语言中很少出现补全的比较分句,因为能省略而不省略,能替代而不用替代形式,会让比较分句显得生硬、笨拙、重复、累赘,而这些是英语句子的大忌。
学习比较结构的关键是要了解主句的比较短语(comparative phrase),该比较短语的对应项由than或as替代,并在比较分句中做一个成分,所以比较分句必然缺少一个分句成分是无法补全的。其它省略的成分则都是可以补全的。
It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s
higher是主句中的比较短语,不可再从句中出现,因为than已经隐含了相应的程度副词在内,并在从句中作了状语,last year's=last year's prices为从句的主语,从句的谓语rose被省略。这个句子明显告诉你去年的油价也在上涨,只不过今年比去年涨的更高。如果去年油价没涨,只是今年会上涨,则主句谓语将是will rise 后will be higher, 而不是will rise higher。所以从句的省略的谓语动词一定是rose而不是was. 再用did替代rose, 所以从句补全后为:than last year's prices did.
refiners were paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they did last year.
about $5 a barrel more 为主句中的比较短语,其在分句的对应项由than替代,做分句的宾语,所以比较分句中不可再出现宾语。补全的分句为 than they did (paid) for crude oil last year.
比较分句的省略不同于并列句的省略,不可按照并列句的省略条件来硬套比较分句结构。网友如果意识到这一点,对比较分句结构就不会产生疑惑了。
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It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s because refiners were paying about $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they did last year.
Q1: 想问下 这里为什么last year's 就会让句子不平行了呢? last year's不可以还原成 last year's heating-oil prices嘛?
那样句子前面就变成 It is expected that heating-oil prices will rise higher this year than last year’s heating-oil prices rose 这样还原有问题吗?
>>> ... prices will rise higher this year than (those of) last year's
要么不补,要补就这样补,是否对称?
Q2 because句子前面是were paying 后面用did这样可以吗?因为一般见到的都是比如pay VS did
>>> 你这个问题,光从形式上看好像是那么回事,我至少记得葛传槼老先生在他的《英语惯用法大词典》里就讲过be/do的对称问题。但问题是,后半部分they did last year 为什么就一定是替代they ware paying sth last year 而不是替代they paid sth last year呢?(本来就应该是后者)