She has done the same thing (that) she hated I had done.
此句中I had done前是省略了that,还是就不可以有that?另外这句话不能看成两个定从,只能做一个嵌入式定从?
此句中that可以替换成as吗?替换后as不可省略对么?
She has done the same thing that she hated I had done.
第一个问题:在这个句子中,有两个定语从句:she hated 和 I had done,两者不是并列关系;she hated 也不是“嵌入成分”(I had done 不是hated 的宾语从句),其实,这两个定语从句是“多重关系”,共同修饰先行词the same thing,而且,后一个定语从句包容着第一个从句的内容。
根据 “定语从句的个数” 和“多个定语从句之间的关系”,定语从句可分为 “简单定语从句” 和 “复杂定语从句”(亦叫:混杂式定语从句)。我们平时见到的、用到的,大都为“简单定语从句”。下面,我对“复杂定语从句” 的特征及其分类,详解如下:
1. 嵌入式定语从句:
He is the only person who we expect will win. 他是我们期望唯一能胜的人。
She had a book which she believed was bought by her father at a dear price. 她有一本父亲送她的书,她相信是父亲花了大价钱专门买来送她的。
2. 并列式定语从句:
Paris is a good place where art is so popular and which many people appreciate. 巴黎是一个其那儿艺术非常受欢迎和许多人赞赏的好地方。
I find it hard to leave the land where I have lived for 30 years and where there are sweet memories of my childhood. 我发现很难离开这片土地,我在那里生活了30年,在那里有我甜美的童年记忆。
3. 多重式定语从句:
Is there anything else you'd like you don't see on the shelves? 有没有别的你想要的东西,现在架子上还没有?
I like the tie you wear which your sister gave to you as birthday gift. 我喜欢你戴的那条领带,那是你姐姐送给你的生日礼物。
What else do you do in your whole life that you’re really good at that you only do once a year? 在你一生中,你还做什么是你真正擅长的,而你一年只做一次的事情?
这三种格式,是有严格区别的。现在,有些人把这3 种定语从句混在一起,看作一回事。这是十分错误的!
这几种定语从句的区别:
1. “嵌入式”,相当于在定语从句前加了一个“主谓句”,让定语从句作其宾语。如:who will win 作了we expect 的宾语从句。which was bought by her father at a dear price 作了 she believed 的宾语从句。“嵌入式” 实际就是在另外一个定语从句前,又加了一个插入成分,例如:I think/believe/guess/expect 以及 I am sure, they say 等。所以,有人也叫“插入语”。
2. “并列式”,是两个或以上的定语从句相互并列,中间由and连接,共同修饰一个先行词。其特点是:由and 连接并列;有先后顺序,但相互之间不包含、不修饰,各行其是。
3. “多重式”,是两个定语从句,按先后顺序和不同层次修饰先行词。即:第一个定语从句修饰先行词之后,第二个定语从句再次修饰包括第一个从句在内的先行词。中间不允许有and 连接!
例如网友这句:
She has done the same thing that she hated I had done.
她做了一件她我之前做过的、而且她痛恨的事儿。
the same thing 被“she hated”修饰过一次,同时又被“I had done” 修饰一次。我把第二个定语从句,按照非限制性翻译,就明确体现出“多重”的意思了:
She has done the same thing that she hated I had done.
她做了一件她以前痛恨的事儿,此事我曾经做过。
【说明】我记得类似问题曾经给网友解答过。
但 I had done 无法作 she hated 的宾语从句(hate 不能接that 宾语从句),所以,必须排除“嵌入式”。
第二个问题:先行词之前加了same 后,就给下文可能出现“比较” 提供了条件。但是,有了same,未必一定要“比较”。所以,网友要记住。为了理解,我们简化一下,去掉另外一个定语从句。我用3个例句讲解一下:
She has done the thing that she hated. (没有same,纯粹的定语从从句)
She has done the same thing that she hated.(有same,同样是定语从从句,仅仅强调了先行词而已。)
She has done the same thing as she hated.(有same,为下文“比较” 提供了条件,as 引导比较从句,同时作了从句的主语。)
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She has done the same thing (that) she hated that I had done.
这个句子定语从句有误,I had done前的that是不允许省略的。这是一个双重定语从句。she hated这个定语从句的先行词为the same thing, that I had done这个定语从句的先行词为the same thing she hated.
这种双重定语从句,第一个关系代词通常省略,而第二个定语从句的that/which是不能省略的。
这不是嵌入式定语从句,因为并没有一个定语从句嵌入到另一个分句中。hate是不可以后接宾语从句的。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!