1,He stepped into a cave and what should he see but a tigress with her baby tigers.里面的should,but,分别属于什么用法?
2,I would have thought you had phoned her. 我本以为你给他打过电话了。为什么要用would have? 如果说I had thought you had phoned her. 意思一样吗?
3, 章振邦,新编高级英语语法195页
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a yacht next year.
请问里面完成体(Would have bought.)换成不定式的一般体Would buy可以吗?
含义有没有差别?
1,He stepped into a cave and what should he see but a tigress with her baby tigers?
句子应该以问号结尾。这是一个修辞性问句,肯定形式的修辞性问句表达的是强烈的否定陈述意义。所以该问句等于 ...and he should see nothing but a tigess with her baby. ( 除了一只雌虎和它的幼崽外他应该看不到其它任何东西。—— 他只看到一只雌虎和几个幼崽。)should在此为推测性用法,表示有一定根据的推测。but为介词,意为除了。
2,I would have thought you had phoned her. 我本以为你给他打过电话了。为什么要用would have? 如果说I had thought you had phoned her. 意思一样吗?
would have thought表示与事实相反的假设。事实上我当时并没有认为你给她打电话了。主句中表示与过去事实相反的假设,必须使用情态动词过去形式+have done.
语法书说表示与过去事实相反,可以用had done形式,那是指在if从句中。主句必须使用某个情态动词的过去形式(would, should, could, might)+不定式完成体.
本句用had done为语法错误,因为这是陈述语气的过去完成时态,没有一个过去时间为参照,使用过去完成时是错误的。
3, 章振邦,新编高级英语语法195页
If I had won the lottery, I would have bought a yacht next year.
请问里面完成体(Would have bought.)换成不定式的一般体Would buy可以吗?
本句的主句可以改为would buy. 但意义有所不同。would在此是表示意愿意义。在虚拟语气句子里表示未能实现或无法实现的意愿。如果主句用would have bought, 则明年买车是当时买彩票时的未能实现的意愿,用would buy则是说话时的现在的不可能实现的意愿。用would buy则为错综时间虚拟条件句。
又如:非推测用法
You should go there. 现在的责任或义务。
You should have gone there. 过去的(未实施的责任、义务),本该做某事。
He may come. 现在的许可。
He might have come. 过去的许可,但事实他没有来。本可以来。
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