1. After five hours' drive, they reached what they thought was the place they 'd been dreaming of.
what相当于the place that, they reached the place that they thought was...
是把they thought理解为插入语,然后that作定语从句的主语,还是把that理解为they thought引导的宾语从句的主语?
2.Do you know who will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
Who do you know will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
do you know用法是什么,哪个句子是正确的?
do you think作插入语时,与特殊疑问词连用时后置于wh-词后,那do you expect, believe, suppose, imagine, guess,suggest,say等的用法是否与do you think一致呢?
After five hours' drive, they reached what they thought was the place they 'd been dreaming of.
Who do you think will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
以上二句中的划线部分传统语法和现代语法有不同的分析。
传统语法认为是插入语,现代语法认为是嵌入分句。
插入语的分析方法比较简单,容易理解,但解释有很多牵强及矛盾之处,甚至有无法解释的句子。
根据传统语法对插入语的定义,插入语是独立于句子结构之外的独立成分,通常用逗号和句子其它部分隔开。去掉插入语不会影响句子本身的结构和基本意义。
以上二个句子中划线部分我们在其前后各加一个逗号,则为错误的句子。这足以说明划线部分与传统语法对插入语的定义不符,用插入语解释划线部分是牵强的。
我再写三个句子:
Tom is the only person I think can do this job.
Who do you think we should talk to?
He is not the man who I think he is.
以上三句中的划线部分在传统语法也是按照插入语分析的。如果它们真的是插入语,那么去掉插入语,句子的结构和意义应该不受影响。但实际情况如何呢?我们去掉划线部分试试:
Tom is the only person can do this job.
去掉划线部分后,定语从句缺少作主语的关系代词who, 为语法错误。
Who we should talk to?
去掉划线部分后,特殊疑问句没有采用部分倒装,为语法错误。
He is not the man who he is.
去掉划线部分后,句子出现逻辑错误。
以上三句充分说明了划线部分是使句子结构或意义完整的不可或缺的部分,根本不是插入语。传统语法用插入语的分析方法根本无法解释划线部分。
至此,我们可以很清楚的看出传统语法用插入语解释划线部分是一种过于简单的分析方法,牵强附会,并没有真正认识到这种结构的本质。这就是为什么这种分析方法只能解释部分句子,而对其它句子无法解释。
现代语法体系彻底摈弃了传统语法这种错误的分析方法,用嵌入分句结构(embedded clause)来解释这种语言现象,揭示了这种结构的本质。这才是正确的分析方法。
疑问词、关系词引导一个疑问分句或关系分句的时候要位于分句之首。但疑问词或关系词本身所在的分句可能嵌入到一个主句中,是主句的一个分句(通常为宾语从句),此时疑问词或关系词必须置于其所隶属的主句之首,构成所谓的嵌入式分句(embedded clause)。夸克将这种分句称为pushdown clause。下面我用嵌入分句结构对以上五个句子重新分析如下。
After five hours' drive, they reached what they thought was the place they 'd been dreaming of.
what=the place which, which为they thought的宾语从句中的主语。
Who do you think will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
who为think的宾语从句的主语。疑问词前置,所以主句必须部分倒装。
Tom is the only person I think can do this job.
关系代词who为think的宾语从句的主语。当关系代词为定语从句中的宾语从句的主语时,关系代词可以省略。
Who do you think we should talk to?
who为think的宾语从句的介词to的宾语。疑问词前置,主句必须部分倒装。
He is not the man who I think he is.
关系代词who为think的宾语从句中的确认性表语。
关于网友的以下二个句子:
Do you know who will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
这是正确的句子。这是一个一般疑问句。对应的陈述句为:
You know who will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship.
陈述句本身是个主从复合句。you know或do you know并不是插入语。
Who do you know will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
这个句子错误之处在于误将一般疑问句写成了特殊疑问句结构。句子的逻辑是:你知道...吗?这是一般疑问句,而不是特殊疑问句。不能用疑问句引导问句,而应该用操作词倒装构成问句:Do you know who...? 错误的原因并不是do you know能否做插入语的问题。
为什么下面句子是正确的呢?
Who do you think will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
因为这个句子的逻辑是:你认为谁...? 这是个特殊疑问句,应该用疑问词引导问句。并不是因为do you think可以做插入语。
“谁...? ” 和 “你认为谁...?”是二种不同的结构。“你认为”是问话人想知道听话人的看法而造的主从复合句中的主句,并不是插入语。例如:她喜欢谁?你认为她喜欢谁?前者是独立问句,问句要倒装。后者中问句是宾语从句,倒装结构在主句上,从句并不倒装。
Who does she like?
Who do you think she likes?
do you think并不是插入语,插入语不会影响问句结构的。
Who does she like, do you think?
这个句子中的do you think才是插入语。
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1. After five hours' drive, they reached what they thought was the place they 'd been dreaming of.
what相当于the place that, they reached the place that they thought was...
是把they thought理解为插入语,然后that作定语从句的主语,还是把that理解为they thought引导的宾语从句的主语?
【答】两种理解均可。
2.Do you know who will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
Who do you know will be the winner of the 2016 FIBA World Championship?
do you know 用法是什么,哪个句子是正确的?
【答】第一句是对的;第二句是错的。
do you think作插入语时,与特殊疑问词连用时后置于wh-词后,那do you expect, believe, suppose, imagine, guess,suggest,say等的用法是否与do you think一致呢?
【答】一个模式,用法一致。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!