My father had a daughter loved a man—— 应该是省去了作从句主语的关系代词。

My father had a daughter who loved a man

as I perhaps, were I a woman, should love your lordship.—— 这一句比较好理解。

as 表示原因，后面是个虚拟句，让条件句插在主句中，原因是前面有一连词as。正常语序为：

as, were I a woman, I perhaps should love your lordship.

我隐隐觉得，英语中，主句表示“有”（have），或者“存在”（there be）意义时，定语从句有时可以省略作主语的关系代词。这跟汉语在某种意义上是相通的。

例如：我有一个哥哥在北京工作。路边有一家商店出售水果。

I have a brother (who) works in Beijing.

There is a shop (that) sells fruits by the side of the road.