我们通常说,不定式作定语的时候,不定式与被修饰名词之间通常有四种逻辑关系,即主谓关系、动宾关系、同位关系和动状关系。但实际上不定式作定语,还有这四种逻辑关系之外的另一种关系。请各位老师分析下面句子中不定式作定语与被修饰名词之间的逻辑关系。
She was fired because of her inability to make people feel at ease.
我没有及时参与曹老师问题的讨论,是因为没有考虑好被修饰名词跟不定式的另外两种关系,以及如何命名的问题。
不定式作定语修饰名词。名词跟不定式的关系,除了我们常说的四种之外,还有“第五种关系”、“第六种关系”......。
第五种关系:
She was fired because of her inability to make people feel at ease.
她被解雇是因为她不能让人们感到放心。
【分析】inability,意为“无能;没有能力”,它跟不定式的关系是:它表达了不定式动作的情态意义,即“是否能够做到;有无能力做到”。
▲ 英语中,这类名词可以细分为几个子类,例如:“能力、义务、愿望或倾向、推测” 意义的名词。后面接不定式作定语,表明不定式动作的“情态意义”。
▲ 这类名词的特征是,可以使用其同源形容词,转换为:be + adj. to do 结构。
her ability to make people feel at ease:
She is able to make people feel at ease.
her inability to make people feel at ease:
She is unable to make people feel at ease
更多例句:
The public never had faith in his ability to handle the job. (能力)
公众从来不相信他有能力胜任这一职位。
He has an obligation to help support his parents. (义务)
他有义务帮助赡养父母。
I had to prove my willingness to work hard and accept the university's authority. (愿望或倾向)
我得证明自己愿意努力工作,接受大学校方的管辖。
Her reluctance to get involved was understandable. (愿望或倾向)
她不愿介入是可以理解的。
He expressed his readiness to adopt the reform bill. (愿望或倾向)
他表示愿意采用那改革方案。
Tom's anxiety to succeed led him to work hard. (愿望或倾向)
汤姆对成功的渴望使他更加努力。
I was full of curiosity to meet Lord Marchmain. (愿望或倾向)
我心里充满了要见马奇梅因勋爵的好奇心。
His eagerness to get back home was quite obvious. (愿望或倾向)
他想回家的急切心情是很明显的。
Does he have the possibility to change the idea? (推测)
他有可能改变主意吗?
第六种关系:
His decision to retire surprised all of us.
他决定退休使我们大家为之一惊。
【分析】decision,意为“决定”,与动词decide 是同源。它跟不定式的关系是:与不定式动作是另外的一种“动宾关系”,即“决定做某事”。而much work to do,描述为:不定式与被修饰词是“动宾关系”。
▲ 这类名词的特征是:不定式是其同源动词的宾语。
His decision to retire = He decided to retire.
更多例句:
I feel a need to talk to you about it.
我觉得有必要跟你谈谈那件事。
Her refusal to help surprised us.
她拒绝帮助使我们感到很吃惊。
He declared his intention to become the best golfer in the world.
他表明自己想要成为世界上最好的高尔夫球选手。
We have an agreement to always tell each other the truth about everything.
我们同意无论何时彼此都要讲实话。
She expressed a desire to go on vacation.
她表示了想休假的愿望。
He said he regretted their failure to reach an agreement.
他说,他很遗憾,他们没能达成协议。
I am afraid my attempt to make a cake was not very successful.
恐怕我做蛋糕的尝试是不会成功的。
His decision to retire surprised all of us.
他决定退休使我们大家为之一惊。
Don’t forget your promise to write to me every week.
不要忘记每周给我写信的承诺。
以上讨论,如有错误或不妥,请曹老师雅正。我正在考虑和搜集“第七种关系”......
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She (主语)//was fired(谓语)// because of her inability to make people feel at ease(原因状语).
参考译文:她被解雇了,因为她不能使人们感到安心。
(1)one's ability to do sth=one be able to to do sth
中文意思:某人有做某事的能力/某人有能力做某事
(2)one's inability to do sth=one be unable to do sth
中文意思:某人没有做某事的能力/某人没有能力做某事
because of her inability to make people feel at ease为介词短语作原因状语,介词短语语法结构分析如下
(1)介词短语:because of
(2)介词宾语:her inability
(3)修饰介词宾语后置定语:to make people feel at ease
to make people feel at ease (to make sb+ do sth)
不定式语法结构分析
(1)不定式:to make
(2)不定式宾语:people
(3)不定式宾语补足语:feel at ease
inability n.无能,无力;无才能;无能为力
结构:one's inability to do sth
Alcoholism can result in an inability to cope.
酒精中毒会导致行为能力丧失。
Her inability to concentrate could cause an accident.
她无法集中注意力可能会导致意外。
The government’s inability to enforce the ceasefire
政府无力强制实施停火协议
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