The social value of the rule, over and above the pain and suffering caused the victim of torture and his friends and family, is a vital consideration.

The social value of the rule is a vital consideration. 这是句子主干。二个逗号之间是介词短语作状语。caused...为过去分词短语作定语。caused在此为双宾语动词，the victim of...为caused的保留宾语。

cause sb the pain and suffering

sb be caused the pain and suffering

the pain and suffering be caused sb.