1 句子结构分析

请分析下面句子结构。

They settled in Seattle, by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

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最佳答案 2019-03-24 08:10

They settled in Seattle, by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

【翻译】他们在西雅图定居下来,在此之前他已获得了经济学硕士学位。

以下为个人观点,请曹老师指正。

本句,无论从语义还是结构分析,by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics 都是 “非限制性定语从句”,国外语法称为“关系分句”。我也觉得,“定语从句” 的称谓过于牵强,不符合语言的本质。为了叙述一致,我在这里也叫 “关系分句”。

 

▲ 我从两个方面阐明这个问题:

第一个问题: when 引导关系分句时,它表示的时间跟先行词是“重合”的。但实际语言中有时存在不重合的现象,这时,就需要在when 之前加上恰当的介词,表明从句动作发生在先行词表示的时间 “之前或之后”。例如:by when, since when, until when 等。

第二个问题:如果主句中没有表示时间的先行词,可以理解为先行词“被隐去”;或者把整个句子看作先行词,那么,后面的关系分句就叫做 “句子性关系从句”(sentential relative clause ),这跟which 引导的从句类似,which 可以指代整个主句。

 

▲下面分别给出例句,并加以说明:

1. I'll never forget the day when I joined the Party.(限制性关系分句)

2. We played outside till sunset, when it began to rain. (非限制性关系分句)

以上两句,关系分句动作发生的时间,分别跟先行词的时间the day,sunset 完全重合。如果不重合,是在先行词之前或之后发生,需要在关系副词when 之前加介词。例如:

3. We finally arrived here a week ago, since when the weather has been bad.

(关系分句的动作或状态,发生在先行词表示的时间之后)

4. The farmers left for home at noon, till when they had worked in the fields.

(关系分句的动作或状态,发生在先行词表示的时间之前)

5. They settled in Seattle last year, by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

(关系分句的动作或状态,发生在先行词表示的时间之前)

如果把句3, 4, 5中的时间先行词“隐去”,那么,整个主句就是先行词,暗示着一个时间,这时,后面的定语从句叫做“句子性关系从句”(sentential relative clause)。例如:

6. We finally arrived here, since when the weather has been bad.

7. The farmers left for home, till when they had worked in the fields.

8. They settled in Seattle, by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

▲ 由于找不到合适例句,句1,句4,句6,句7,都是我自己临时编写的;其余例句均来自词典。此外,曹老师的句子很好,settled in Seattle:有点“绕口令”。


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其它 1 个回答

陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

They settled in Seattle, by when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

=They settled in Seattle, by the time when he had obtained a master's degree in economics.

当他获得经济学硕士学位时,他们在西雅图定居下来。

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  • 曹荣禄   提出于 2019-03-16 20:28

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