One can see the Sun and Moon towers on Fir Lake as the city sprawl continues into the distance, giving way to bright green forests and hills, the stunning landscape Guilin is famous for.

1.giving way to bright green forests现在分词作状语作continues into distance的结果状语。 2.the stunning landscape 是整个句子的同位语。也可分析为修饰整个句子的补充性状语。

例如：Everyone knows the fact that Yao Ming is the best basketball player in China. that从句为fact的同位语从句。

Yao Ming is the best basketball player in China, a fact that everyone knows. a fact that...为整个句子的同位语。或者分析为名词词组作句子的补充性状语。