▲问题一:句中的 with my own hands、by hand、with a machine 都是方式状语。
▲问题二:你的理解是对的,with、by 都可以翻译成“用”,用 with 来引导时其后名词有限定词(冠词、物主代词等),用 by来引导其后名词则不需加限定词。
▲虽然 by hand 和 with one’s hand 都可表示“用手”,但侧重点有所不同:
1. by hand 表示“用手”,与“用机器”相对比而言——我们说这衣服是“手工”做的(by hand),其言外之意是,它不是用缝衣机做的。
2. with one’s hands 表示“用手”,则不含与“用机器”相对比的意味,在特定情况下,它可能与“用脚”“用心”等相对比而言。比如:
He did the work with his feet, not with his hands. 这工作他是用脚做的,不是用手做的。
▲可以说:I made the coat with my own hands. It was made by hand, not by machine.
但不宜说:I made the coat by hand. 因为句子主语 I 与 by hand 搭配不协调。
可以说:It was made with my own hands, not with a machine. 可视为 I made it with my own hands, not with a machine 的被动语态形式。