这是文学语言。在A retreat from clamour 和 a wondrous detachment 之间省略了is。补充完整后，应是这样的：

Buddhism and Hinduism recommend it. A retreat from clamour is a wondrous detachment that allows the material world to float up , like a sloughed-off skin, for one's dispassionate consideration.

【翻译】佛教和印度教推崇这种精神。远离喧嚣是一种奇妙的超脱，让物质世界浮出水面，就像一张脱落的皮肤，让一个人冷静的沉思。

【分析】A retreat from clamour （主语）is （系动词）a wondrous detachment （表语）that allows the material world to float up （定语从句）, like a sloughed-off skin（方式状语），for one's dispassionate consideration.（目的状语）