1. When Dave left school, he worked for several years in a zoo. (after)
唯一标准答案是:For several years after Dave left school, he worked in a zoo.
我的句子:After Dave left school, he worked for several years in a zoo.
请教老师,我的答案是否正确?其次,解题人把for several years放置在after之前,意图何在?
4. He did all his work. He went to bed. (by the time)
He had done [did?] all his work by the time he went to bed.
请教老师除了用had done,能否用did?谢谢老师讲解。
这项练习应该是某个教材的课后练习,要求学生掌握after和by the time引导时间状语从句的用法。
第一句的题句本身有问题,时间状语应该放在地点状语之后,故第一句的题句应改为:
When Dave left school, he worked in a zoo for several years. (after)
按照练习的要求,最简单的正确答案就是直接用after替换when:
After Dave left school, he worked in a zoo for several years.
时间状语从句可以放在句末,也可以放在句首。放在句首一方面有强调状语的作用,另一方面可以承上启下,比如前面的内容是讲述主语在学校的情况时,状语放在句首则很自然地过渡到离校后的情况。如果前文不是谈论主语在学校的情况,则时间状语最好放在句末:
Dave worked in a zoo for several years after he left school.
这类练习不存在所谓唯一正确答案,教材只给了一个参考答案而已。
其实,教材给出的参考答案是不妥的。逻辑分析可知,after从句是修饰主句的句子状语,而for介词短语是修饰主句谓语动词的谓体状语。谓语状语可以前置表示强调,但不能用逗号隔开。而句子状语可以位于句末或句首,位于句首时,通常用逗号。所以不应该将谓体状语和句子状语同时前置。
如果将for介词短语理解为句子状语,那么after从句则很可能被理解为是修饰several years的,即这几年是毕业之后的,但未必是紧接毕业时间,可能是毕业后失业了二年,然后才工作了三年。所以会产生歧义。
总之,教材的答案并不是最佳答案。
He did all his work. He went to bed. (by the time)
这项练习是要求学生用by the time连接句子。那么你只有一种选择:
By the time he went to bed, he had done all his work.
He had done all the work by the time he went to bed.
by时间状语表示主句谓语的动作在by表示的这个时间之前已经发生。说话人关心的时间是by所表示的时间,所以如果主句谓语是动态动词表示事件意义,则应该用完成体,而不能用一般体。这个句子用did为语法错误。
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两个句子的标准,不一样。
第1句是改错呢,还是把两个分句,合成一个复合句?既然有了when,再加after 是啥意思?此外,原句还有是个失误:从句主语用了名词 Dave,主句主语用了代词he,属于主次颠倒错误,应交换位置。
这个句子涉及排序问题,没有“唯一标准答案”。只要把两个动作的先后关系,别搞错了就行。以下表达都正确:
For several years after he left school, Dave worked in a zoo. (较差)
After he left school, Dave worked for several years in a zoo. (可以)
Dave worked for several years in a zoo after he left school. (最佳)
第2句,He had done all his work by the time he went to bed. 这是一个非常蹩脚的英语句子,经不起推敲。应改为:
He had done all his work before he went to bed.
【翻译1】他睡觉前把所有的工作都做完了。
【翻译2】他做完了所有的工后,才睡觉。
原本表达“做完工作后睡觉”这个意思,用before 引导后面的动作即可。结果误用了by the time 。
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