关于inspiring和inspired的区分

Ambitious spirits sought,therefore,a more assured and inspiring discipline. 

有雄心壮志的人寻求一种更有把握并鼓舞人心的训练。 

这里的inspiring是否可以换成inspired呢?

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最佳答案 2019-01-13 23:12

原翻译不是很恰切,我重译:

Ambitious spirits sought,therefore,a more assured and inspiring discipline. 

【翻译】因此,具有雄心壮志的人寻求一种更加可靠和激发斗志的自律和磨练。

“现在分词”修饰的名词,说明这个名词具有这种动作和性质,是主动的。

“过去分词”修饰的名词,说明这个名词接受这种动作和性质,是被动的。


下面是我以前写的一个东东,也许能解开网友的疑惑:


a frightened look a frightening look 之辨

英语中,有一类“使令性动词”,表示人的心理或情绪变化。由此演变而来的现在分词和过去分词属于同一个词源:现在分词表示事物本身的性质以及给他人的感受,意为“令人怎样”;过去分词表示人的心理和情绪受到的变化,是被动的感觉,意为“感到怎样”。一般都认为,以-ed结尾的分词形容词修饰人,以-ing结尾的分词形容词修饰事物。例如:

Richard felt satisfied with their satisfying service at the hotel.

The movie was very moving. Rose was greatly moved.

Sophia wasn’t discouraged though her answer was discouraging.

Jenny is surpried at the surpring news.

The cartoon was interesting and Victor was very interested in it.

William became bored at the boring job.

The tiger looked frightening, but Lily wasn’t frightened.

His speech was very inspiring. Mary became inspired.

Charles wasn’t amused though the story you had told was amusing.

The result of the examination was disappointing, so Judy became disappointed.

有人说,“以-ed 结尾的分词形容词修饰人,以-ing 结尾的分词形容词修饰事物”,其实这个说法是不正确的,起码是不全面的。这只是一种表象,不是问题的实质。请看下面的句子:

You always look frightening when you wake up. 你醒来时总露出令人恐惧的样子。

You always look frightened when you wake up. 你醒来时总露出感到恐惧的样子。

The little boy is very interesting. 这个小男孩很有趣。

The little boy is very interested in the toy. 这个小男孩对着玩具感兴趣。

同样是人,为何出现上述两种情况?问题的关键在哪里呢?

我认为,问题的关键在于分词形容词的性质:“现在分词(形容词)表主动,过去分词(形容词)表被动”。所以,过去分词或现在分词都可以修饰人。

有语法书还指出,像look(表情), expression(表情), voice(声音),smile(微笑)等词,一般用过去分词修饰,如:a frightened look, an astonished expression, a satisfied smile, an excited voice。事实果真如此吗?请看例句:

You look frightening. Since you look frightening, you have a frightening look. 你看起来令人恐惧,既然如此,所以你有一个令人恐惧的表情。

You look frightened. Since you look frightened, you have a frightened look. 你看起来感到很恐惧,既然如此,所以你有一个恐惧的表情。

又如:

a satisfied smile. (感到)满意的微笑(这种微笑是在人感到满意后表现出来的微笑。)

a satisfying smile. (让人)满意的微笑(这种微笑是让人满意的微笑。意味着笑得真诚自然,不做作。)

an astonished expression(感到)惊讶的表情 (这种表情是在人感到吃惊后显现出来的表情。)

an astonishing expression(令人)惊讶的表情(这种表情是让人吃惊的表情。意味着这个表情有些可怕,使人惊讶。)

an exited voice (感到)兴奋的声音(这是人在兴奋时,说话带出来的声音)

an exciting voice (令人)兴奋的声音(意味着说话的人声音很有号召力,令人鼓舞,令人兴奋)

人的表情、声音或微笑,是通过人的情绪表现出来的,它也有两种情况。分词形容词,由于现在分词(的形容词)表主动,过去分词(的形容词)表被动,所以,反映在同一个人或事物身上,可以有两种不同的结果。


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其它 2 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

虽然inspiring和inspired都可以用作形容词,但毕竟一个是现在分词演变而来,具有主动意义,一个是由过去分词演变而来,具有被动意义。动词inspire是及物动词,意为激励、激发、鼓舞。所以inpiring意为(事物)具有激励、鼓舞性质的,inspired意为(人)受到激励、受到鼓舞的。所以,本句中inspring不可改为inspired.

类似的分词形容词还有:

exciting,excited

interesting, interested

shocking, shocked

scariing, scared

surprising, surprised

...

ed结尾的形容词是描述人的,ing结尾的形容词通常是描述事物的。


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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

(1)inspiring  adj.属于现在分词演变而来形容词,用来描述“令人鼓舞人心,有激励作用的,启发灵感的”人或者“事物/事情”

She was one of the most inspiring people I've ever met.

她是我曾见过的最能鼓舞人心的人之一。

It was not exactly our most inspiring performance of the season.  

那并非我们本赛季最激动人心的表现。

(2)inspired  adj.属于过去分词演变而来形容词,用来描述“人感到鼓舞人心,有人感觉受到激励作用的,人受到启发灵感的”

I just do not feel inspired about it any more.  

我再也兴奋不起来了.

We suspect that the violence was politically inspired

我们觉得这次暴力事件是政治因素所致。

exciting

excited

frightening

frightened

disappointing

disappointed

tiring

tired

interesting

interested

pleasing

pleased

surprising

surprised

worrying

worried



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  • 白木米 提出于 2019-01-13 12:46

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