当谓语是现在时或过去时的时候,不定式的动作是谓语时间之前已经发生过的。这从不定式改为定语从句作定语,从句要用完成时态就可以看出。例如:
He was the first to come.= He was the first that/who had come.
He is the first to buy this kind of car.= He is the first that/who has bought this kind of car.
如果be是将来时will be, 则不定式的动作还没有发生(在说话时没有发生)。有人认为不定式的动作不是谓语时间之前的。这种理解是把谓语时间视为现在了。严格讲,谓语时间也是将来,即计算谁是第一、谁是第二的那个将来时间。那么从这个意义上讲,不定式的动作还是谓语时间(将来的某个时候)之间发生的动作。例如:
If he buys this car next week, he will be the first to do so.= he will be the first to have done so. = he will be the first who has done so.
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