appear to be that与if at all

Gandhi's Indian empowerment argument, critics said in a petition to remove the statue, appeared to be that the British colonial government treated Indians a "little better, if at all, than the savages or the Natives of Africa."


有两个问题一个是作为主句的谓语动词appeared to be that是否引导的是表语从句,还有一个问题是if at all的具体用法,这是是相当于if the British colonial government treated Indians any better than the savages or the Natives of Africa at all吗?

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最佳答案 2018-12-29 21:45


Gandhi's Indian empowerment argument, critics said in a petition to remove the statue, appeared to be that the British colonial government treated Indians a "little better, if at all, than the savages or the Natives of Africa."

 

有两个问题一个是作为主句的谓语动词appeared to be that是否引导的是表语从句?

【答】是的,网友判断正确。这个句子总体是“主系表”结构,在表语从句中含有一个比较结构和省略的if 条件句,而critics said in a petition to remove the statue为插入语。

1. “主语 + appears + that” 和 “主语 + appears to be + that” 两种结构,表意相同。that 都是引导表语从句。

2. 在这种结构中,本句的表语和主语之间,存在“同位关系”,表语具有解释说明主语的作用。即:argument(观点)= the British colonial government treated Indians a "little better, if at all, than the savages or the Natives of Africa."

3. 此外,appears 后面的that 表语从句,还可以换成as if 或as though 引导。

 

还有一个问题是if at all的具体用法,这是是相当于if the British colonial government treated Indians any better than the savages or the Natives of Africa at all吗?

【答】if at all 是一种省略结构,插在句中的合适位置,是承前省略,一看就知道省略了什么。省略的部分为:if the British colonial government treated Indians any better at all,其实than ...后面已经有了,不要再重复。

 

★★关于if at all 以及if 的其他省略,我总结如下:

If条件句是省略最经常、省略形式最多的一种。常见的条件句省略形式有:if necessary, if possible, if true, if so, if not, if any, if anything, if anyone, if ever, if at all, if not better than等。其中,由于if 表达“非肯定”概念,所以if 句常含有“非肯定词语”,例如:if any, if anything, if anyone, if ever, if at all, if not better than。

举例如下:

I don't think he works much, if at all. 即使他真的做事,我想他也做得不多。

Flashbacks should be used sparingly, if at all. 即使实在要用,倒叙法也该用得节制。

I could come earlier, if (it is) necessary. 如果有必要我可以早点来。

If (it is) possible, I'll come to help. 如果可能的话,我会来帮忙的。

If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的,这会给我们带来很多麻烦。

They think she may try to phone. If (it is) so, someone must stay here. 他们认为她可能来电话。要是这样的话,就得有人守在这儿。

I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday. 我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天,那就在周六。

There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 现在能记得他的人,即使有也很少了。

I’m not angry. If anything, I feel a little surprised. 我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话,那就是我感到有些惊讶。

If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。

He seldom, if ever, goes to the movies by himself. 他不会,即使有也很少,单独去看电影的。

Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12: 00?

您要再住一晚吗? 如果是这样,我们可以给您提供条件更好一点的房间。如果不是,您能在12点前离开这房间吗?

Jim plays football as well as, if not better than, Mike. 吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好,至少也是一样好。

 

★★She sings as well as, if not better than, her sister. 她唱歌如果不比她姐姐好,至少也跟她姐姐一样。

【分析】not better than 跟as well as,结构对等,形成对比,if 从句表示“假设”。等于:She sings as well as her sister if she does not sing better than her sister.

这类句子的特征是:

1. if 从句,一般表示“假设”或“让步”。

2. if 从句全部省略掉与主句重复的成分。

3. if 从句所在位置,插在跟主语一致的成分之后,形成对照。




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  • aprillie 提出于 2018-12-26 22:54

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