Last Friday, a judge told Sally that she will go to prison if she spends one more night in her home, because she makes so much noise.
请问这个宾语从句中,主语过去时,而从句为什么没用过去对应的时态呢?
这句话的出处为何?宾语从句表述的内容不合逻辑,不像是法官应该说的话。尽管她平时可能制造噪音,骚扰邻居。只要她不在制造噪音,为什么就不能呆在自己家里。呆在家里过夜就会进监狱。这个法官是个法盲吧。
根据时态一致的原则,主句谓语为过去时,宾语从句的时态应该为相应的过去时。除非宾语从句表示颠扑不破的真理(而不是所谓的客观事实)。如:When I was a child, my father told me that the Earth is/was round. 除此之外,宾语从句用现在时为语法错误。但近年来有些人忽略这个语法规则,如果宾语从句表示的内容在说话时依然有效,则宾语从句就用现在时或将来时。例如:Tom said he will come tomorrow. 说话人相信Tom所说的话,认为汤姆明天来依然有效。这种用法多见于说话不够严谨的人。对于说话严谨的人来说,为了表示宾语从句的内容在说话人说话人仍然有效,需要用现在时或将来时,受时态一致语法规则的约束,他会将said改为现在完成时has said, 或者一般现在时says,尽管“说”是过去的事件。
网友的这个句子,规范的表达应该将宾语从句改为过去形式:
Last Friday, a judge told Sally that she would go to prison if she spent one more night in her home, because she made so much noise.
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Last Friday, a judge told Sally that she will go to prison if she spends one more night in her home, because she makes so much noise.
请问这个宾语从句中,主语过去时,而从句为什么没用过去对应的时态呢?
因为宾语从句是由“从属连词if引导条件状语从句 带有一个原因状语从句,而且从句表示一个客观事实,所以条件状语从句和原因状语从句用一般现在时态,主句用一般将来时态”
当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
(1)主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.
她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
(2)主句是过去时态,从句须用过去时态的某种形式。
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.
他说昨天下午没有课。 (从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.
他说他会去照看这个婴儿。 (从句是过去将来时)
(3)当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时,即使主句是过去时,从句也用一般现在时态。
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。
She said(that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her. 她说她父亲比她大二十八岁。
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
他说光比声音传播得快。
注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定时,要把从句的否定转移到主句上。
I don't think he is going to help you with your English.
我认为他不会帮你学英语的。
这句话不可以翻译成:
I think he isn't going to help you with your English.
如果宾语从句有它的补语时,宾语从句用it代替,从句后置。其句型为:主语+谓语 + it +补语+宾语从句。
I think it necessary that we learn English grammar.
我认为我们学习英语语法是必要的。
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