1 后置定语之前是否需要介词
The office has received several phone calls making inquireies about employment.
请教老师,phone calls 后面需要介词of吗？有没有of都是正确的？以下三种都是正确的吗？
The office has received several phone calls making inquireies about employment.
The office has received several phone calls of making inquireies about employment.
The office has received several phone calls to make inquireies about employment.
谢谢老师。
最佳答案 2019-01-17 18:22
回答这个问题之前，我们先明确几个原则。
第一，动名词只能作前置定语，不可以作后置定语。名词后的v-ing形式作定语，一定是现在分词。现在分词作任何成分，均与谓语动作具有时间上的同时性。
第二，不定式作定语永远是后置定语，不定式的动作在谓语动作时间还没有发生，即不定式的动作时间后于谓语动作时间。（被修饰名词为序数词+名词时，to do可能是to have done的替代式）
第三，及物动词+宾语+doing，这个doing可能是现在分词作后置定语，可能是现在分词作状语，也可能是现在分词或动名词作宾补。需要根据动词语义及上下文语境做出判断。
第四，动词inquire的主语通常是人，词典例句中没有事物作主语的例句。
现在我们分析网友的三个句子。
1 The office has received several phone calls making inquireies about employment.
2 The office has received several phone calls of making inquireies about employment.
3 The office has received several phone calls to make inquireies about employment.
这三个句子可能是自己写的，句子的意思显然是：办公室接到了好几个询问招聘事宜的电话。根据语言逻辑，calls后面应该是定语。employment属于用词错误，应改为the recruitment。
第三句明显是错误的。因为不定式的动作不是主语发出的，排除目的状语。不定式to do作定语是谓语动作之后的，即received的时候，询问的动作还没有发生。这不符合逻辑。receive不可以后接复合宾语。不定式也不是宾补。
第二句of making inquiries, 介词of与calls之间没有搭配关系，用of没有道理，因为动名词短语与calls之间既不是所属关系，也不是同位关系。故第二句也是错误的。
第一句making inquirieis为现在分词。其逻辑主语不是句子主语，故排除状语。因此，为现在分词作定语。现在分词作定语与被修饰名词之间必须是逻辑主谓关系，而calls显然不能发出make inquiries这个动作的。所以making inquiring是错误形式。但在语言的实际应用中，尤其是在口语中，说话人在心目中把电话（call）、信件（letter）拟人化，觉得听着电话或读着信件就如同call或者letter在说话或询问。所以实际应用中，有用现在分词inquiring作定语修饰call或letter的，尤其是在美国英语中。所以，如果把making inquiring改为inquring, 则这个句子是可以接受的。即：
The office has received several phone calls inquiring about the recruitment.
关于这种用法，COCA语料库有如下例句：
Desperate as they may be, the Tampa Bay Devil Rays initially wouldn't return his call inquiring about a possible team purchase.
It was a January evening, when I received a call inquiring if I would be interested in joining a group of photographers for a trip to the Russian North.
I matched the faded letters with the photograph Yusef had sent along with a letter inquiring if I wanted to purchase this " little scrap of paper".
But when Proulx received a letter inquiring about the film rights from Pulitzer Prize-winning novelist and screenwriter Larry McMurtry,...
Sheikh said that Davis, who could not be reached for comment, has not responded to an April 7 letter inquiring whether he had won an insurance settlement.
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其它 3 个回答
The office has received several phone calls making inquireies about employment.
以下三种都是正确的。意思一样，只是表达方式和结构不同
(1)The office has received several phone calls making inquiries about employment.
(现在分词作后置定语;相当于定语从句which made inquiries...）
(2)The office has received several phone calls of making inquireies about employment.（of doing的介词短语作后置定语）
(3)The office has received several phone calls to make inquireies about employment.（不定式to do作后置定语）
参考译文(1)：办公室接到几个询问招聘/招工的电话。
参考译文(2)：办公室接到几个关于招聘/招工询问的电话。
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不知网友这3个句子的出处来自何方？
我给判断如下：
1. The office has received several phone calls making inquiries about employment. （可取）
2. The office has received several phone calls of making inquiries about employment. （需修改，把of 改为for）
改为：The office has received several phone calls for making inquiries about employment.
3. The office has received several phone calls to make inquiries about employment. （不当）
本句不可以使用不定式作定语。如果用作目的状语，就可以。例如：
I made a phone call to make inquiries about employment.
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The office has received several phone calls making inquiries about employment.
(现在分词作伴随状语）
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