with复合结构中的不定式用主动式还是被动式的问题

with homework to do, I can't go to the movie with you.

With homework to be done, I can't .......

with结构中的逻辑主语是homework吗，以上那个句子是对的？

不能以不定式的主动、被动为分水岭，关键看是不是构成“with 复合结构”的要件：

1. With homework to do, I can't go to the movie with you.

是with 介词短语，其中，to do 作定语。

2. With homework to be done, I can't go to the movie with you.

两种分析均可：

（1）with 介词短语，其中，to be done 作定语。

（2）with 复合结构。

3. With the guide to lead the way, you will have no difficulty finding his house.

with 复合结构。

with 介词短语 和 with 复合结构的区别在于：前者的不定式作介宾的“定语”，后者的介宾是不定式的逻辑主语。

刘永科 - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编

擅长：语法理论,语言学,文化背景 | 采纳率 86% | 回答于 1秒前

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其它 2 个回答

zbr1016. 1秒前

我比较赞同的说法是第一个是介宾结构，第二个才是with复合结构，所以第一个不存在逻辑主语。两个都是正确的，第一个比较常用。如果不用with复合结构, 改成独立主格的话，只能是 Homework to be done.

陈才 - 英语教师 1秒前

擅长：中考英语,词法问题

(1)with homework to do, I can't go to the movie with you.

=As I have homework to do, I can't go to the movie with you.

参考译文：由于有家庭作业要做，因此/所以我不能跟你一起去看电影。

解析：以上为with介词短语作原因状语。to do为后置定语修饰前面名词 homework。

(2)With homework to be done, I can't go to the movie with you.

=As there is homework to be done, I can't go to the movie with you.

参考译文：由于有家庭作业需要完成，因此/所以我不能跟你一起去看电影。

解析：以上为介词with的复合结构作原因状语，homework与 to be done存在逻辑上被动主谓关系，即homework为逻辑主语，to be done为逻辑谓语。