5 判断几个句子是 compound sentence 还是 complex sentence

这些句子是 compound sentence 还是 complex sentence:

1. To make your writing more interesting, you can use longer sentences, for example, compound sentences.


2. There is something that you cannot download only with computers and the internet, something which is called “love.”


3. As a matter of fact, many college graduates go on to pursue career in fields entirely unrelated to their college majors with little difficulty.


4. At the moment, I am thinking about switching my major so that I can really find something interesting to pursue.


5. Chances are that you’ll need letters of recommendation from your professors.


6. Even if you don’t have questions about the course material, you can still benefit from getting to know your professors.


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最佳答案 2020-01-19 12:27

要回答网友这个问题,首先要明确简单句、并列句和主从复合句的概念,以及分句的概念。而现代语法和传统语法对分句和简单句的定义不同,在判断同一个句子时就可能出现不同的判断结果。这一点网友应该明确。

首先,我们根据传统语法来分析。

传统语法认为一个分句必须包含主谓结构,即主句+限定动词作谓语这样的结构。

简单句(simple sentence):只含一套主谓结构的句子。

并列句 (compound sentence):含有二套或以上互不充当成分的主谓结构的句子,主谓结构之间用并列连词或分号连接。

主从复合句 (complex sentence):含有二套或以上主谓结构且其中一套主谓结构在另一套主谓结构中充当一个句子成分的句子。充当成分的主谓结构叫从句,由从属关联词引导作为从属标记词,被充当成分的主谓结构叫主句。

据此我们判断网友的以下句子:


1. To make your writing more interesting, you can use longer sentences, for example, compound sentences.

本句只有一套主谓结构you can use...,因此是个简单句

2. There is something that you cannot download only with computers and the internet, something which is called “love.”

本句含有三套主谓结构:there is, you cannot download, 和which is called。其中you cannot download为另一个主谓结构中的定语,which is called..又是you cannot...结构中的定语。故本句为主从复合句


3. As a matter of fact, many college graduates go on to pursue career in fields entirely unrelated to their college majors with little difficulty.

本句只有一套主谓结构:graduates go on..., 所以,这是一个简单句

4. At the moment, I am thinking about switching my major so that I can really find something interesting to pursue.

本句含有二套主谓结构:I am thinking 和 I can find...,后者由从属关联词引导作前一个主谓结构的状语,故本句为主从复合句

5. Chances are that you’ll need letters of recommendation from your professors.

二套主谓结构:chances are 和 you'll need, 后者在that引导下作前者的表语,故为主从复合句。


6. Even if you don’t have questions about the course material, you can still benefit from getting to know your professors.

二套主谓结构:you don't have...和 you can still benefit...。前者由even if引导作后者的让步状语,故本句为主从复合句


以上为根据传统语法分析。如果按照现代语法分析,结果则不同。

注意现代语法关于分句和简单句的定义与传统语法大不相同。

现代语法认为句子(sentence) 由分句(clause)组成。

分句的定义是:表示主谓关系的词组序列。一个分句的谓语可能是限定动词、非限定动词、或不含有动词,因此分句有限定分句、非限定分句和无动词分句。

分句又分简单分句和复合分句。

分句由词组组成。如果一个分句的每个组成成分都是词组而不是分句,则为简单分句。如果一个分句的某个组成成分本身是个分句,则该分句为复合分句。作成分的分句叫从句(从属分句subordinating clause),被作成分的分句叫主句(主要分句main clause).

句子由分句组成。

简单句:由简单分句构成的句子

主从复合句:由复合分句构成的句子

由于现代语法认为英语句子分成的划分是在分句的层次进行的,而定语并不是分句层次的成分,而仅仅是名词词组层次的修饰语。所以,现代英语中没有定语这个句子成分。定语被认为是名词词组的修饰语。

所以,按照现代语法分析,一个句子的划分可能与传统语法截然不同。例如:

This is the book I bought yestoday.

这在传统语法是个含有定语从句的主从复合句。

可以按照现代语法的定义,构成这个句子的分句的每一个组成成分:主语、系词、表语(主语补足语)分别是名词词组、动词词组和名词词组。即每个成分都是词组而不是分句。因此这个句子是个简单句。关系分句只是作表语的名词词组的修饰语。又如:

I want to go home.

按照传统语法,这是一个简单句。可是按照现代语法,主语I这个名词词组和want这个限定动词词组构成限定分句,不定式to go home是非限定动词和副词词组构成的非限定分句(非限定分句可以带主语,也可以不带主语如果主语在句中出现的话)。非限定分句在限定分句中作了宾语,即I want这个分句的宾语不是词组,而是一个分句。所以这就不是简单分句,而是一个复合分句。由复合分句构成的句子就是主从复合句。所以这个句子按照现代语法分析就不是简单句,而是主从复合句。这是因为二个语法系统对分句和简单句的定义大不相同的缘故。


以下按照现代语法体系对网友的几个句子重新做判断:


1. To make your writing more interesting, you can use longer sentences, for example, compound sentences.

不定式分句作了限定分句的状语,即主句的状语是个分句而不是词组,所以构成这个句子的分句不是简单分句,而是复合分句。所以这个句子是个主从复合句

2. There is something that you cannot download only with computers and the internet, something which is called “love.”

构成这个句子的分句的形式主语、谓语、真正主语分别都是词组而不是分句,所以是个简单分句,简单分句构成的句子就是简单句。所以这是一个简单句。that引导的关系分句只是名词词组的修饰语,不是分句成分。something which作为同位语也只是名词词组的组成部分,不是分句层次的成分。


3. As a matter of fact, many college graduates go on to pursue career in fields entirely unrelated to their college majors with little difficulty.

构成这个句子的分句的状语是不定式分句而不是词组,故为复合分句。有复合分句构成的句子就是主从复合句。所以,这个句子不是简单句,而是主从复合句


4. At the moment, I am thinking about switching my major so that I can really find something interesting to pursue.

构成这个句子的分句的状语本身是个分句而不是词组,所以这个句子是个主从复合句


5. Chances are that you’ll need letters of recommendation from your professors.

主要分句的表语(主语补足语)是个分句而不是词组,所以这是个主从复合句

6. Even if you don’t have questions about the course material, you can still benefit from getting to know your professors.

状语本身是个分句而不是词组,所以这是个主从复合句


通过传统语法和现代语法的不同分析对比可知,由于二个体系的定义和概念不同,分析结果则不同。网友应该清楚自己是根据哪个语法体系分析句子成分。如果按照现代语法分析,则首先应该明确现代语法对分句、简单句的定义,不能按照传统语法的术语去套用,否则自己就陷入云里雾里了。


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其它 2 个回答

陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

1. To make your writing more interesting, you can use longer sentences, for example, compound sentences.

以上为一个“简单句”“主谓宾状结构”

2. There is something that you cannot download only with computers and the internet, something which is called “love.”

以上为一个“主从复合句”

(1)关系代词that引导定语从句修饰名词something,关系代词在定语从句作宾语

(2)关系代词which引导定语从句修饰名词something,关系代词在从句作主语


3. As a matter of fact, many college graduates go on to pursue career in fields entirely unrelated to their college majors with little difficulty.

以上为一个“简单句”“主谓宾状结构”


4. At the moment, I am thinking about switching my major so that I can really find something interesting to pursue.

以上为一个“主从复合句”

so that 引导目的状语从句

5. Chances are that you’ll need letters of recommendation from your professors.

以上为一个“主从复合句”

that引导表语从句

6. Even if you don’t have questions about the course material, you can still benefit from getting to know your professors.

以上为一个“主从复合句”

even if引导让步状语从句

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刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

这些句子是 compound sentence 还是 complex sentence:

1. To make your writing more interesting, you can use longer sentences, for example, compound sentences.

(这是一个简单句)

2. There is something that you cannot download only with computers and the internet, something which is called “love.”

(这是一个复合句)

3. As a matter of fact, many college graduates go on to pursue career in fields entirely unrelated to their college majors with little difficulty.

(这是一个简单句)

4. At the moment, I am thinking about switching my major so that I can really find something interesting to pursue.

(这是一个复合句)

5. Chances are that you’ll need letters of recommendation from your professors.

(这是一个复合句)

6. Even if you don’t have questions about the course material, you can still benefit from getting to know your professors.

(这是一个复合句)

这些句子中,只有“简单句”(simple sentence)和“复合句”(complex sentence),没有“并列句”( compound sentence )。


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  • invisibleX 提出于 2018-11-25 16:39

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