徐广联教授编著的英语语法书上说,我们日常使用的所谓的委婉客气请求等句式(用动词的过去式),表达了说话人客气或谦逊的态度,都属于虚拟语气,
对此,我很不能理解,譬如:
(1) Did you want to see me now ?
(2) Could you do me a favour ?
(3) I should advise you not to do so.
我能理解以上3句话(用动词的过去式)表达了说话人客气,委婉等语气,但我想不通这和虚拟语气有什么关联呢???
因为虚拟语气表达了“与事实相反” 或“非事实,未必是事实”,以此如何分别解释以上3句话呢?我百思不得其解。
麻烦老师对以上3句话分析,为什么属于虚拟语气“与事实相反” 或“非事实,未必是事实”???
谢谢!
我发现,网友 Loyd19731214 最近提了许多关于“虚拟语气”的问题。不过,有一点我需要提醒网友:“虚拟语气”也是动词的一种形式,不要一见到“虚拟语气”就认为 “与...不符;与...相反;是假的不是真的”。 这些概念都曲解了“虚拟语气”的内涵,“虚拟语气”的用法和内容远比这些要广泛的多。“虚拟语气”除了表示一种非真实的假设,与事实不符甚至相反的情况外,它还可以表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求,目的,推测,等等。
交际英语中的“过去式”表示“现在”,可以放在“虚拟语气”的范围。
在交际用语中,说话人为了表示礼貌或客气,常用过去式来表达现在的情况。例如:
Would you please do me a favor?
Would you mind if I opened the door?
I’d appreciate it if you could be quiet.
Wouldn’t it be great if you explained the reason to us?
这些would 并不表示“过去”,而是现在或将来。有些动词包括情态动词,其过去式表示现在的情况,属于一种委婉表达。除了would 之外,could 和might 也同样可以用来表达现在的婉转请求、建议、疑问或看法。例如:
Could you tell me the way to the station? 请告诉我去车站的路好吗?
Could I speak to you in private a moment, John? 约翰,我可以单独跟你说一会儿话吗
Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哎呀,你怎么这么蠢啊!
It's boring to walk all alone. Couldn't you go for walks with your friends? 一个人走路很没意思。你可以和朋友们一起去散步呀?
Might I ask what you're doing here? 我可不可以问一下,您在这里干什么?
You might as well bring me a chocolate next time.你下次最好给我带块巧克力来。
I might well regret it later. 我很可能以后会对此后悔的。
The paper says that it might rain tomorrow. 报上说明天可能下雨。
I have got a lot of books that might interest you. 我有许多书,也许你感兴趣呢。
The drivers, as you might imagine, didn't care much for that. 和想象中的一样,这些司机对此并不太在意。
【比较】
Could I use your telephone? (意味着I'm not sure if you will allow me to use your phone.)
Might I use your telephone? (意味着If I don't break it, would you mind my using your phone?)
此外,一些表示“想法,愿望”的动词,如:wonder, hope, think, want等,它们的过去式可以表示现在婉转的想法或愿望。
I was wondering if you could lend me a hand. (是现在的委婉建议)
We hoped you would do us a favor now. (指现在婉转的希望)
I thought you might like this flower.(指现在的情况,但不敢肯定。)
I wanted to ask you a question now.(担心对方不给回答,属于婉转。)
Did you wish to see me at present? (属现在的委婉请求。)
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!
最近发现网友 Loyd19731214 问了大量有关虚拟语气方面的问题,似乎成了虚拟语气提问/问题“专业户”了。虚拟语气主要表现以下几个方面
(1)与已经发生的事实/事件作出的相反的假设
If you had studied hard, you would have passed the exam.
(2)完全不可能发生的情况/事件。
If I were you, I would go there
(3)事件发生的可能性非常低。
If I won ten million dollars in the lottery,I would buy a big house for my parents.
(4)表示一种愿望,请求,要求,建议,命令,推测。
She suggested that we should go out for a walk
(5)表示一种语气委婉客气表达。
Would you please do me a favour?
以上5种情况全部通过句子谓语动词体现出来。
如果觉得我的回答对您有用,请随意打赏。你的支持将鼓励我继续创作!