曹老师,您好!
(1) 牛津词典上:
Would that… (literary) used to express a strong wish (用以表示强烈的愿望)
Would that he had lived to see it.
他要是能活到看见这该多好哇。
不理解的是为什么是had lived ? 用had lived,句子的意思是什么?
按照中文意思“他要是能活到看见这该多好哇。”,一般来说,是指现在当时谈话的情况,是不是应该用lived ?
以下例句摘自新编高级英语语法章振邦主编(2014年8月第4次印刷)
(2) If he be found guilty, he would be sent to prison.
为什么不是If he were? 或If he should be ? 或If he were to ?
If he be 该如何理解? 另外,可以If he was 吗?
麻烦曹老师能详细讲解一下该题,谢谢!
(3) If I knew her address, I would have written to her.
从句意逻辑上理解,是不是应该If I had known her address 才正确?
(4) If you should be interested, I'll tell you the whole story.
后句用will是什么味道呢? 按理应该说I would...
(5) Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up ?
后句用will是什么味道呢? 按理应该说Would you...
(1) 牛津词典上:
Would that… (literary) used to express a strong wish (用以表示强烈的愿望)
Would that he had lived to see it.
这个句子省略了主语 I。在早期英语中,would 可以是实意动词,后接that从句表示与事实相反的愿望。因此that从句要用过去式虚拟语气。事实是,从句的主语he并没有活到某事发生的时候。that从句表示的是与过去事实相反的愿望,因此从句谓语要用had done.
(would rather后接从句也是类似情况。英国英语在从句中用过去式虚拟语气。美国英语如果从句表示的是将来事件,则用现在式虚拟语气(动词原型)。)
以下例句摘自新编高级英语语法章振邦主编(2014年8月第4次印刷)
(2) If he be found guilty, he would be sent to prison.
我查了该书2016年第7次印刷。没有看到这个例句。书上有下面句子:
If the defendant be found guilty, he shall have the right of appeal.
if真实条件句在现代英语用动词原型,属于非常正式的用法,通常用于法律事务。当从句用动词原型时,主句通常不用情态动词过去形式。
if从句表示真实条件在现代日常英语也被陈述语气所代替(即用一般现在时),比较正式的书面语会用推定式should。
(3) If I knew her address, I would have written to her.
从句意逻辑上理解,是不是应该If I had known her address 才正确?
我现在仍然不知道她的地址。know为静态动词表示状态,状态在现在仍然存在。我没有给她写过信(写信指说话之前--过去),是因为我不知道她的地址(现在都不知道)。这是一个错综时间虚拟条件句。
如果说话人现在已经知道了她的地址,只是当初不知道,则句子应为:
If I had known her address then, I would have written to her.
如果我当时知道她的地址,我就给她写信了。
(4) If you should be interested, I'll tell you the whole story.
后句用will是什么味道呢? 按理应该说I would...
推定式should表示假设的条件有可能实现(真实条件),也有可能实现不了(与事实相反),因此,if 从句用should do, 主句可以是陈述语气、祈使语气(侧重于条件可能实现一面),也可能用虚拟语气(侧重条件实现不了一面)。例如:
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet will be cancelled.
If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be cancenlled.
If it should rain tomorrow, stay at home and wait for further instruction.
(5) Should you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up ?
后句用will是什么味道呢? 按理应该说Would you...
省略if, should倒装,是很正式的书面语。主句用will do, 表明这是真实条件句。
口语中实际上不会使用这么正式的说法,而是用陈述语气:
If you see Mike, will you ask him to ring me up?
在if从句中,should do既可以表示真是条件,也可以表示非真实条件,取决于主句谓语中的情态动词是否为过去形式。
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