Whoever broke the window should be punished. 这是个主语从句。
若改为Who broke the window should be punished. 感觉就不对了。
必须加个that变为定语从句Who that broke the window should be punished. 感觉才对。
请问,who作连接代词引导名词性从句时是不是只能相当于疑问代词引导一个特殊疑问句的意思来理解,而不能像定语从句那样把从句的“落脚点”落在“who”这个人上?我可能无法表述得很清楚,用下面两个句子补充说明一下试试吧:
Who broke the window still remains unknown / a mystery. (who引导的主语从句,整个从句描述的question作主语)
Who that broke the window should be punished. (who作先行词,that作关系代词引导的定语从句,从句内容表达完后,落脚点在who这个指人的代词上)
请问我的理解是否正确?
这一点似乎与what有类似也有不同:
Whatever they said have been recorded. 这是个主语从句。
若改为What they said have been recorded. 感觉还是对的。(what引导的主语从句,但有定语从句的意味,what=the things that,从句内容表达完后,落脚点在what这个指物的代词上)
What they said remains unknown / a mystery. (what引导的主语从句,整个从句描述的question作主语)
出现这种情况的原因是否是:
① who与what相同之处在于二者均既可作一般意义上的代词又可作疑问代词
② who与what不同之处在于who可作关系代词引导定语从句,而what则没有这个显性的功能属性,只好隐性地内置了此功能?
有些混乱,请老师指点
简单回答你的问题。
Wh-名词性从句可分为三类:名词性疑问分句,名词性关系分句,名词性感叹分句。
名词性疑问分句由疑问词引导;
名词性关系分句由融合型关系代词或融合型关系副词引导;=名词词组+定语从句
名词性感叹分句由感叹限定词what或感叹副词how引导。
融合型关系词为先行词与关系词合二为一。例如what=that which, whoever=anyone who, when=the time when, where=the place where等。
现代英语中who已经不用作融合型关系代词,但在早期英语中who可以是融合型关系代词,等于the person who. 现在这种用法只见于固定的谚语中,例如:
Who laughs last laughs best.
= The preson who laughs last laughs best.
现代英语中,要用whoever, whomever作为融合型关系代词。例如:
You can give the book to whomever you see the first.
在自由选择结构中,who和whom可视为其后省略去了-ever。例如:
You can marry whom(ever) you love.
你自己造的疑问词what和融合型关系代词what引导的名词性疑问分句和名词性关系分句都是正确的。但有时候一个what从句可能有歧义,what可能是疑问词也可能是融合型关系代词。例如:
What she wrote is still a mystery.
按照疑问分句理解,意思为:没有人知道她写了什么。日记?小说?论文?一封信?没人见过。
按照名词性关系分句理解,意思则为:她写的东西至今没有人能看懂。
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解答如下:
(1)whoever为复合性连接代词或者叫“融合型关系代词”相当于anyone who 引导名词从句或者让步状语从句,意思“无论谁/不管谁”
A:引导主语从句
Whoever broke the window should be punished.
=Anyone who broke the window should be punished
B:引导让步状语从句whoever=no matter who
Whoever you are, you must obey the school rules.
=No matter who you are, you must obey the school rules
(2)who现代英语一般不用作融合性关系代词,引导名词性从句,但是在一些古英语谚语中,也会出现,相当于whoever含义。who引导主语从句表示疑问含义。
Who laughs last lauhs best.
=Whoever laughs last lauhs best
=Anyone who laughs last laughs best
谁笑到最后,才笑得最好。
Who will be sent to work there has not been decided yet.
Who will come to have dinner is known now.
whoever在简单句是who加强版,究竟谁/到底谁的意思,含有不耐烦的意味和语气。
Who are you?
你是谁?
Whoever are you?
你到底/究竟是谁?
Whoever told you about that ?
Who told you about that?
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