With a lot of work to do, he had to go to the office quite early.
上面是with复合结构做原因状语,如果改成独立主格结构,是否必须把原来宾语与宾补之间的关系复原成下面的形式:
A lot of work to be done, he had to go to the office quite early.
而不能用:
A lot of work to do, he had to go to the office quite early.
是这样吗?
with 复合结构即介词with后接复合宾语,即with+宾语+宾补。复合宾语中的宾语和宾补之间存在逻辑主谓关系。
with a lot of work to do 中,a lot of work 与 to do并不是逻辑主谓关系,所以不定式to do并不是宾语补足语,而是定语。所以with后接的不是复合宾语,而是带有不定式作定语的单宾语。所以,with a lot of work to do并不是with复合结构,而只是一个with+名词构成的普通介词短语。我注意到不少国内语法书和或英语辅导书将with a lot of work to do 归入with复合结构讨论,这是不恰当的,是对with复合结构的误解,属于概念不清。
同样的道理,独立主格结构的也是由二部分构成:逻辑主语(名词或代词)+逻辑谓语(现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、名词、副词小品词、介词短语等)。二者之间必须是逻辑主谓关系。如果是被动的逻辑主谓关系,则逻辑谓语必须采用被动形式。
由此可知,A lot of work to do 并不是独立主格结构,因为二者之间是被动关系,但to do却没有采用被动不定式。这里的不定式是定语修饰work, 表示动宾关系。
A lot of work to do 是一个名词词组,不能做状语。
所以,网友的句子是with介词短语作状语,不是with复合结构作状语。
With a lot of work to do, he had to go to the office quite early.
如果不用介词短语,可改用现在分词短语作状语:
Having a lot of work to do, he had to go to the office quite early.
如果想用独立主格结构作状语,那么被动关系的逻辑谓语必须采用被动形式:
A lot of work to be done, he had to go to the office quite early.
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