Once again he failed,and he felt that he never could have succeeded.
请问,这里为什么要用 could have succeeded?
可以这样说吗? He felt that he never could succeed.
谢谢!
Once again he failed,and he felt that he never could have succeeded.
never could have succeeded 中,could为表示“能力”的情态动词,其后的不定式用了完成体,succeed的时间指向为谓语felt之前,即表示他此前一次次的失败是因为他一直就没有取得成功的能力。事后再说之前的能力,用can/could have done something。如果表示当前或当时的能力,则用can/could do something.
He failed, and she knew that he couldn't have succeeded. 他失败了。她知道他本来就不可能成功(本来就不具备成功的能力)。
这个句子如果改为 never could succeed, 意思就变了,成了表示他觉得以后也永远不会成功(当时不具备取得成功的能力,所以以后不会成功)。
could have done在虚拟语气用法中与此有关。例如:
He failed, but he could have succeeded if he had had more time.
这句话的意思是,他本来是有能力取得成功的,只是他没有足够的时间。事实上他没有成功,所以传统语法将这种与事实相反的假设归类于虚拟语气。
网友的句子中,他本来就没有取得成功的能力,事实上他也没有取得成功,并不与事实相反,所以不属于传统语法虚拟语气的范畴。但这二个句子中的could have succeeded表示说话人关心的某个时间之前的能力这一点却是相同的。
can do表示现在的能力,将来的能力要用be able to do表示。could do表示当时的能力。could have done表示说话人关心的时间之前的能力。(这里不涉及表示可能性的can/could)
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(1)could have done sth表示能力(即过去做某事的能力)
In those circumstances we could have done better.
在那样的情况下,我们本来可以做得更好。(但实际没有做得更好)
You could have done better, but you didn’t try your best.
你本可以做得更好,但是你没有尽力而为。
We could have finished the task, but it was always raining.
我们本可以完成任务,但是一直下着雨。
You could have given it all to me.
你本可以把它全部给我的。(本来能够做到,而实际却没做。)
You could have been a little bit tidier.
你本可以更加整齐一点儿。(本来能够做到,而实际却没做。)
(2)could have done表示对过去发生的行为进行推测.常译为“可能 .“会 .一般用于否定句和疑问句
He couldn’t have done it because he was an honest man.
他不可能做这件事.因为他是个诚实的人
Could the work have been finished on time?
这项工作能按时完成吗?
(3)could have done还可用来表示责备或批评.常译作“本来可以 .“本来能 等.
You could have been more considerate.
你本来可以更慎重些
could have done 用法详解
【1】表示主观猜测:即对已经发生动作或已经存在的状态作出主观上的猜测,通常可译为“可能(已经)”,有时需根据具体语境来翻译。如:
Tom could have taken the money; he was here alone yesterday.
有可能是汤姆把钱拿走了,昨天他单独一个人在这里呆过。
We knew he couldn’t have paid for it, because he had no money.
我们知道不可能是他付了这笔钱,因为他没钱。
该用法也可将could换成can,但这只限于否定句和疑问句,因为can表推测时不用于肯定句(而could可以用于肯定句)。如:
Can he have left already? 他会已经离开了吗?
They can’t have gone out because the light’s on.
他们不可能出去了,因为灯还亮着。
【2】表示未曾实现的能力:即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的,但实际上没有那样去做,通常译为“本来可以”“本来能力”等。如:
The worst of it is that I could have prevented the accident.
最糟糕的是我本来可以防止这次事故的。
I could have passed my examination easily but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本可以轻易通过考试,但我犯了太多不该犯的错误。
有时用于反语。如:
You’ve broken my pen—thanks for nothing, I could have done that for myself. 你把我的笔给弄坏了——你得了吧,就那我自己也会弄。
【3】表示未实现的可能性:即表示过去本来可能发生情况,而实际上没有发生,通常译为“本来可以”“本来可能”等。如:
She could have been seriously injured.
她本来可能伤得很重的。
It’s difficult enough, but it could have been worse.
这事情够困难的了,本来可能会更糟呢。
备注:有时也可根据语境译为“好在没有”“差点”,尤其是当谈论的是“不好”的情况时。如:
She felt miserable. She could have cried.
她感到很痛苦,她差点哭了。
Why did you throw the bottle out of the window? Somebody could have been hurt. 你为什么把瓶子扔出窗外呢?好在没有砸伤人。
【4】表示未曾实现的想法:即表示过去本来有做某事的打算或意图,但实际上没有实现,通常译为“本来可以”。如:
I could have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me?
我本来可以借这笔钱给你的。你为什么不向我提出?
I could have given you some hints, but I suppose you thought yourself too grand. 我本可以给你点提示的,但是我认为你太自负了。
【5】表示未曾实现的选择:即表示过去本来可以有机会选择做某事,但实际上没有那样做,通常译为“本来可以”。如:
You needn’t have typed it twice. You could have used a carbon.
你没必要打两遍的,你当时本可以用复写纸打。
You needn’t have walked up; you could have taken the lift.
你没必要走着上去,你本来可以乘电梯的。
【6】表示批评或责备:即表示过去本来有责任或义务应该做某事的,但实际上却没有做成,含有批评和责备的意味,通常译为“本来应该”“本来可以”等。如:
You could have started a little earlier.
你本可早点动身的。
You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch?
你本来可以帮我一把嘛——为什么你只是坐在那儿观望呢?
【7】表示可能达到的极限:表示即使人们尽力而为去做某事,但还是未能做成,通常用于否定句。如:
I couldn’t have won, so I didn’t go in for the race.
反正我也赢不了,所以我就没有参加赛跑。
I couldn’t have enjoyed myself more—it was a perfect day.
我玩得没法再痛快了——这一天简直痛快极了。
【8】表示惊讶:表示对所发生的情况感到惊奇,含有“竟然”的意味。
It seems inconceivable that the accident could have happened so quickly. 这一事故发生得这么快,简直不可思议。
Well, I’m blowed! I should never have thought you could have done it.
真想不到! 我从未想到居然办得到。
【9】用于虚拟语气:在虚拟条件句中,当谈论过去的情况时,其句型通常是:主句用“could / would / should /might +have+过去分词”,从句用过去完成时
If he had known the facts, he could have told us what to do.
如果他了解事实,他是可能告诉我们怎样做的。
If anybody had asked me, I could have told them what happened.
如果有谁问过我,我可以告诉他们发生了什么情况。
【10】用于口语惯用表达:如用于I could have sworn…,表示“我可以发誓”“我千真万确”。如:
I could have sworn I’d paid that bill.
我可以发誓我付过账。
I could have sworn I heard a knock at the door.
我千真万确听到了敲门声。
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