关于感官动词 see, watch 用在被动语态时后跟 doing 还是 to do 的问题
英语可以说：see sb doing sth / see sb do sth
那么他们被动语态的时候后面应该怎么跟非谓语动词呢，最近看到两个句子，想知道他们是怎么来的：
1. Though women were watched to have the same chewing pace as men, they chewed each mouthful more times, slowing down the total time it took them to eat their meal.
这里为什么用 to do，不是 doing？
2. In the video, the man can be seen holding his mobile phone in his hand after falling asleep on a Metro, with a message in large font on the screen which reads, “Please wake me if you need my seat.”
这里为什么用 doing，不用 to do 呢？
最佳答案 2018-11-18 11:54
你首先要明白 see sb doing sth 与 see sb do sth 的区别：
1. see sb doing sth：看见某人正在做某事（doing 指动作正在进行）
I saw her crying. 我看见她正在哭。
2. see sb do sth：看见某人做了某事（do 指动作的全过程）
I saw her enter a bank. 我看见她进了一家银行。
下面我们来对比分析一下：
1. 如果说：I saw her cry. 这多少就有点奇怪，因为这里用 cry，表示动作的全过程，即它表示“你把整个哭的过程都看完了”，也就是说从她开始哭到结束哭，你都在看着。这是不是多少有点奇怪？
2. 如果说：I saw her entering a bank. 则比较正常，但它与I saw her enter a bank. 在含义上有区别：
I saw her entering a bank. 我看见她正走进一家银行。（指进入银行那一瞬间——背景：可能是碰巧看到的）
I saw her enter a bank. 我看见她进了一家银行。（指看见她来到银行门口然后走进银行的整个过程——背景：可能是在跟踪她）
弄清了以上区别就好办了：see 用于被动语态时，区别跟上面是一样的。
She was seen to enter a bank. 有人看见她进了一家银行。
She was seen entering a bank. 有人看见她正走进一家银行。
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其它 3 个回答
感官动词的主动语态表示主语通过感觉器官感知到某个事件的发生（开始到结束的整个过程）或正在发生（尚未结束）。前者用不带to的不定式作宾补，后者用现在分词作宾补。需要注意的是，静态动词表示的状态是不能用感觉器官直接感知的，因此静态动词不能作感官动词后的宾语补足语。
例如：I heard him open the door. I watched him open the door.
但 不能说I heard him having/have a new car. I watched him having/have a new car.
只能说 I hear（that）he has a new car.
同理，I noticed him go out through the back door. 但 I have noticed that he has a new car.
但是在被动语态中，感官动词则多是表示通过感觉器官的感知加上推理后而知晓，更接近认知动词，而不再仅仅是感官动词（知觉动词）。此时，静态动词的不定式就可以作主语补足语了。例如：
He was noticed to go out through the back door.
He was noticed to have a new car.
网友第一句中的 women were watched to have the same chewing pace as men，to have为静态动词作主语补足语。这个句子没有相应的含有复合宾语的主动语态结构。不能说：
We/They/Researchers watched women have the same chewing pace as men. (误）
正确的主动语态的句子可能是：
We/They/Researchers watched women eating and found that they had the same chewing pace as men.
感官动词的主动语态和被动语态意义的差别，可能是被动语态中作主补的不定式必须带to，而主动语态中作宾补的不定式必须省略to的原因。
see是唯一在被动语态结构中可以表示几乎“纯粹感知”意义的感官动词。用不定式还是现在分词作宾补或主补，取决于感知的动作是完整的动作还是未结束的不完整动作。
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根据《牛津英语用法指南》第三版242.1节，watch / notice sb./sth do/doing 不能改为被动句。所以，网友的第1个句子是错误的：
1. Though women were watched to have the same chewing pace as men, they chewed each mouthful more times, slowing down the total time it took them to eat their meal.
A see sb+现在分词作宾补结构
(1)主动结构see sb doing sth（宾补动作尚未结束）
I saw him getting on a bus just now.
刚才我看到他上了一辆公共汽车。
I'm very glad to see you looking so happy.
我很高兴看见你显得如此幸福。
We saw him working in the garden this morning.
我们看见他今早在花园里干活。
(2)被动结构：sb be seen doing sth
They were seen speaking to the teacher.
有人看见他们正在和老师说话。
She was seen running away from the scene of the crime.
有人看见她逃离犯罪现场。
A panda was seen climbing up a bamboo.
有人看见一只熊猫往一棵竹子上爬。
B: see sb+不带to不定式作宾补结构
(1)主动结构see sb do sth （宾补动作已经结束）
You wouldn't see her leave here all alone?
你不会看她一个人孤单单地离去吧?
You can't see people starve without trying to help them, can you?
你不会坐视人们挨饿而不想办法去帮助他们吧?
(2)被动结构：sb be seen to do sth
He was seen to fall.
有人看见他摔倒。
He could not bear to be seen to act dishonourably.
他不能容忍被人发现行为失检。
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