(1)单词具有是最初的或常用的意义,叫基本义;

(2)单词具有的是从基本义引申出来的意义,叫引申义;

(3)单词具有的是通过用基本义比喻另外的事物而固定下来的意义,叫比喻义。

1.海(sea):

基本义——大洋靠近陆地的部分。

如“大海、东海”。有的大湖也叫“海”,

Most of the kids have never seen the sea.

多数孩子从未见过海。

The Changjiang River empties into the East China Sea.  

长江注入东海.

Wukong said a spell to call the Dragon King of the Eastern Sea.  

这时悟空念起咒来叫唤东海龙王.

The Changjiang River empties into the Donghai Sea.  

长江流入东海.

如“黑海”。

Both republics border on the Black Sea.  

两个共和国都临近黑海。

The same is true of the steppes north of the Black Sea.  

黑海以北的草原,也是如此.

引申义——大的,magnanimity; great capacity for liquor

如“你真是海量!”。

That's a tremendous amount of information.  

那是海量的信息。

Have another one . You can hold your liquor.  

您是海量,再来一杯.

比喻义——比喻连成一大片的很多同类事物。 human sea vast world, 

如,“人海茫茫,你让我到哪里去找他?”

 In this human sea vast world, able to find you, that is, God gave me you.  

在这人海茫茫的世界里, 能够找到你, 那就是上帝把我赐给了你.

She vanished into the vast anonymous mass of the population of London.  

她消失在伦敦的茫茫人海中了.

I also used in the vast sea of eager to find you.  

我也习惯于在茫茫人海中对你热切的寻觅.

比喻义这里已是一片火海。a sea of fire

They escaped the blaze but were rushed to hospital suffering from shock.  

他们逃离了火海，却因休克而被迅速送往医院。

The baby's mother escaped from the fire along with two other children.  

婴儿的母亲和另外两个孩子一起逃离了火海。

Fires broke out everywhere, the entire city went up in flames.  

到处都燃起了火，整个城市陷入一片火海。

The streets were now in one fierce sheet of flame.  

街道上现在是一片火海。

2.算账:

基本义——计算账目。

如,“你别打扰他,他正在算账呢。”

 The day of reckoning is coming for the water company directors.  

跟自来水公司的主管们算账的日子就要到来了。

引申义——吃亏或失败后与人较量,

如,“好了,这回算你赢,下回我再跟你算账!”

 Look out ! I will get even with you.  

小心,我回头找你算账.

 That remark will be scored up against you.  

别人会记住那句话,将来再跟你算账.

3.包袱:

基本义——用布包起来的包儿。

如,“把你的包袱拿好。”

By midday the irk of his pack became too oppressive.  

走到中午的时候,累赘的包袱压得他受不了.

Head - straps , passing across the forehead, helped support these packs.  

总算那条勒在额头上的皮带还得力, 帮着吊住了包袱.

比喻义——比喻某种负担。

如。“你不要有思想包袱。

For today's politicians, the treaty is becoming a millstone.  

对于今天的政客而言，这个条约正在变成一个包袱。

She was glad to be relieved of this burden.  

她很高兴卸掉了这个包袱.

4.黄色:

基本义——黄的颜色。

如,她穿着黄色的上衣。

The petals can be cooked with rice to colour it yellow.  

可以把这些花瓣跟米饭一起煮，使米饭变成黄色。

She had long hair she'd bleached herself, all yellowy and orangey.  

她一头长发，全部被她自己给染成了淡黄色和浅橙色。

引申义——象征腐化堕落,特指色情。

如,不要看黄色录像。

I found out he'd been watching pornographic videos.  

我发现他一直在看黄色录像。

Pornographic literature and art corrupt the minds of young people.  

色情文学及艺术腐蚀年轻人的心灵.

 Lots of dirty old men stood around looking at pornographic magazines.  

许多老色鬼站在那里看色情杂志.

The gutter press has held the royals up to ridicule.  

黄色报刊公然奚落皇室成员。

 Erotic paintings also became a fine art.  

色情画也变成了一种艺术。

5.水分:

基本义——物体内所含的水。

如,植物是靠它的根从土壤中吸收水分。

 These plants suck up moisture from the soil.  

这些植物吸收土壤中的水份.

The sunburnt sands drank water like a sponge.  

被太阳晒烫的沙子像海绵一样吸收水份.

 During fever a large quantity of fluid is lost in perspiration.  

发烧时，大量水分会通过排汗而丧失。

High temperatures also result in high evaporation from the plants.  

高温也导致了植物水分的大量蒸发。

Wash the leeks thoroughly and allow them to drain.  

彻底清洗韭葱，再沥去水分。

比喻义——比喻某一情况中夹杂的不真实的成分。

如,他说的话里有很大的水分。

 This report seems somewhat exaggerated, and should be verified.  

这个报道有些水分, 需要核实.