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请问下面各句中 fail 是什么意思？另外 to do 不定式作什么成分？

I failed to catch the bus.

=I didn't catch the bus.

=I missed the bus.

=I was unable to catch the bus

=I didn't succeed in catching the bus.

He failed to keep his promise.

=He didn't keep his promise.

=He was unable to keep his promise

解答如下

fail to do sth =未能够做某事/未做成某事

The Workers' Party failed to win a single governorship.

劳工党连一个州长职位也未能赢得。

与以上结构像类似还有以下几个结构

(1)aim to do sth. 打算做某事  

(2)fail to do sth. 未能做某事 

(3)long to do sth. 渴望做某事  

(4)happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事  

(5)hesitate to do sth. 犹豫做某事 

(6)struggle to do sth. 努力做某事

(7)have to do sth不得不做某事

(8)seem to do sth 好像做某事

(9)appear to do sth 似乎要做某事

(10)go to do sth 去做某事

(11)come to do sth 来做某事

(12)manage to do sth 成功设法做某事

(13)get to do sth 最终/逐渐做某事

(14)used to do sth 过去常常做某事

温馨提示：建议以上结构不作进一步分析。牢记并这样使用即可。