When I was waliking through the forest, a bear came out.
When I walked through the forest,a bear came out.
第二句有语法错误吗?
When she left she made herself an omelet.这句话,为什么是离开后煎了一个蛋?如果离开后怎么不用After?
网友给出了3个句子,首先判断正误如下:
1. When I was walking through the forest, a bear came out. (正)
2. When I walked through the forest, a bear came out.(正)
3. When he left she made herself an omelet.(正)
【说明】句3,从句的主语和主句的主语,不应该是同一人。所以,为了区分和避免混淆人称,我把其中的一个she换成he。特此说明。
在讲解之前,我先把句子翻译出来:
1. 当我正在穿过森林时,一只熊出来了。
2. 当我穿过了森林时,一只熊出来了。(我刚刚走出森林,一只熊出现了。)
3. 他一离开,她就给自己做了一个煎蛋卷。
【讲解】网友的问题涉及三个方面:
1. when 从句和主句中,用“延续动词”还是“终止动词”?
2. when 从句与主句的时间关系。主、从句的时态也是判断主、从句动作发生时间先后的一个重要手段。
掌握了上述问题,一切就会迎刃而解。
第一个问题:when从句和主句中,用“延续动词”还是“终止动词”?
根据排列,可以有以下四种组合:
(1)when从句 (延续动词) + 主句(延续动词) (误。不存在)
(2)when从句 (延续动词) + 主句(终止动词) (正)
(3)when从句 (终止动词) + 主句(延续动词) (正)
(4)when从句 (终止动词) + 主句(终止动词) (正)
【说明】主、从句的位置可以互换。
分别举例说明如下:
(1)When he walked, he played with his cell phone. (误)
【说明】walked和played,都是“延续动词”,这时不能用when,应改为as:
As he walked, he played with his cell phone. 他一边走路一边玩手机。
(2)When I was walking through the forest, a bear came out.(正)
(3)When John came in Tom was sleeping. (正)
还可以说:Tom was sleeping when John came in. (正)
(4)When he left she made herself an omelet.(正)
【说明】在本句,left 和 made都是“终止动词”,这说明:when从句的动作先发生,主句动作后发生,left早于made。网友的第2句与本句是一个类型。walk through在不同语境,具有“延续”和“终止”两种性质:进行体表“延续”,一般体表“终止”。 又如:When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
我往窗外一看,看见一个女孩子,漂亮极了,让我十分惊异。
本句可以有4种表达:
When he left she made herself an omelet.(正)
When he had left she made herself an omelet.(正)
After he left she made herself an omelet.(正)
After he had left she made herself an omelet.(正)
【说明】各句中left的动作都早于made。
第二个问题:when 从句与主句的时间关系。
(1)When he walked, he played with his cell phone. (误)
【说明】改用as,表示两个动作同时进行,翻译为“一边......一边......”。
(2)When I was walking through the forest, a bear came out.(正)
【说明】came out 发生在was walking 这个持续的动作中。
(3)When John came in Tom was sleeping. (正)
还可以说:Tom was sleeping when John came in. (正)
【说明】came发生在was sleeping这个持续的动作中。此外,Tom was sleeping when John came in.这句,有两种分析:一个是把when分析为从句,跟上句同;一个是把when分析为并列分句。
句(4)When he left she made herself an omelet.(正)
在本句,left 和 made都是“终止动词”,这说明:when从句的动作先发生,主句动作后发生。left早于made。网友的第2句与本句是一个类型。walk through在不同语境,具有“延续”和“终止”两种性质:进行体表“延续”,一般体表“终止”。 又如:When I looked through the window, I saw a girl whose beauty took my breath away.
我往窗外一看,看见一个女孩子,漂亮极了,让我十分惊异。
【时间关系比较】
比较1:
My friends were laughing when I arrived at the party.
我来到联欢会时,朋友们正在大笑着。= 朋友们正在大笑的时候,我来到了联欢会。
(我没到以前他们已经在笑了。)
My friends laughed when I arrived at the party. 我一来到联欢会,朋友们就笑起来。
(when从句的动作略先于主句的动作,隐含着先因后果的关系)。
比较2:
She was crying when he left. 她正在哭着时,他离开了。= 他离开的时候,她正在哭着。
She cried when he left. 他一走,她就哭了起来。
(比较1和2 属于同一种类型)
比较3:
1. When I arrived at the station, the train left.
我刚到达车站,火车就开走了。(我到达在先,火车开走在后)
2. When I arrived at the station, the train had left.
当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。
3. When I had arrived at the station, the train left.
当我到达车站后,火车才开走。
句1和句3的区别:
句1 相当于: As soon as I arrived at the station, the train left.
句3 相当于: After I (had) arrived at the station, the train left.
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