这两者都可以作状语,主要就是为了表明,非谓语的动作和谓语动词的动作的先后关系。
1. having been done: 强调动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。例如:
Having been well tended for half a year, my granny became far better.
被精心照料半年后,我奶奶的情况好多了。
2. done:当两者发生的时间同步,或者较难判断时间先后时,则直接使用done。例如:
Led by the local guide, they had no difficulty reaching their destination.
在当地导游的带领下,他们毫不费力地到达了目的地。
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是的,两者有时是可互换使用的。如:
Asked / Having been asked to stay, I couldn’t very well leave. 我被邀请留下,遂不便离开。
但是注意,虽然两者都表示被动和完成,但 having been done 还强调完成,但 done 则并不一定强调完成。如下面的句子并不强调完成,所以不宜用完成式:
Wounded in action, he was twice mentioned in dispatches. 因为在作战中受伤,他曾两次在战报中受到表扬。
Shocked by the results of the elections, they now want to challenge the validity of the vote. 选举结果令他们很震惊,他们现在要对选举的可信性提出质疑。
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