Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.

【翻译】达尔文确信，失去这些品味不仅丧失幸福，而且可能会损害智力，更有可能伤害道德品质。

【分析】

Darwin （主语）was convinced （谓语动词）that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.（宾语从句）

在宾语从句中，又有两个并列的从句：

（1）the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,

（2）but might possibly be injurious to the intellect

（3）and more probably to the moral character.

【注】（2）和（3）并列，然后再跟（1）并列。

关于be convinced that...结构中，为何把be + adj. 看作及物动词的问题，这主要从be convinced 的词义跟that 从句的关系考虑的。对此，我作一概括分析：

英语中，be + adj. + that... 结构 可以表达如下几种意义：

1. that从句作“结果状语”：

He was hard-working that he finally succeeded. 他学习勤奋，最后终于成功了。（结果状语）

2. that从句作“原因状语”：

I am very delighted that you can come. 你能来，我很高兴。（原因状语）

3. that从句作“目的状语”：

Be careful that you don’t slip on the icy roads. 小心（目的是）不要在结冰的路上滑倒。（目的状语）

4. that 从句作“宾语”：

这类形容词，往往带有“认为；相信；确信”等观点类动词的意义，例如网友的句子。此外，常见的形容词还有：sure, certain, clear等。

The senator is sure that he will get support from the grass roots.

这位参议员相信他能得到基层群众的支持。

I was clear that it should not have been done.

我确信那件事是不应该做的。

She was certain that the young man had gone mad. 

她确信那个年轻人已经发疯。