before和until既可以作介词,也可以作连词,但并不是在任何情况下都可以互换使用的,通常要注意以下几点:
1.主句的谓语为非持续性动词的肯定式时,只能用before。例如:
He left for Wuhan before eight. 八点前他就动身去武汉了。
2.主句的谓语为非持续性动词的否定式时,用before或until均可,且意义相同。例如:
Susan didn’t go to bed until / before she finished her homework. 苏珊直到完成家庭作业才去睡觉。
3.主句的谓语为持续性动词时,用before或until均可,但意义有所不同。试比较:
He watched TV until his mother came back. 他看电视一直到妈妈回来为止。(侧重“行为到……为止”)
He watched TV before his mother came back. 妈妈回来之前他在看电视。(侧重“在……之前的行为”)
4.主句的谓语为持续性动词的否定式时,常用before而较少用until。例如:
I won’t say anything before my lawyer comes. 在我的律师来之前,我什么也不会说的。
5.当“not...until”结构用于倒装句或强调句时,一般还是要用until。例如:
Not until next month can we move in. 直到下个月我们才能搬进去。
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1. before 引导的时间状语从句可以放在主句的前面或者后面。例如: Before I saw him, he had not seen me. = He had not seen me before I saw him.
2. until 后面可以用否定结构,before 后面不可用否定结构。例如:I have dirtied my hands at it until they're not fit for clean work.(摘自《薄冰英语用法问答1144例》p.803)此句中的 until 不能改为 before。