1)关于连词连接句子:
She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.
The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
以上两句because前没有逗号
He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found.
这句because又加了逗号
那么because前加不加逗号有什么区别呢?
2)关于时间状语
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
以上两句前的时间状语后没有逗号
Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.
同样是时间状语,这两个句子后又加了逗号,这是为什么呢?
1)关于连词连接句子:
She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs.
The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.
以上两句because前没有逗号
He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found.
这句because又加了逗号
那么because前加不加逗号有什么区别呢?
because引导的原因状语从句的正常位置是主句之前。如果主句不是很长,主句和because从句之间不用逗号,但是主句末会用降调,从句末再用降调。即主句和从句为二个语调群。二个语调群之间可以用逗号,也可以不用逗号,主要靠语调加以区分。
第三句之所以用了逗号,是因为副词too的使用,too作为联加状语,通常用逗号和句子其它部分隔开。如果去掉too,则because前的逗号可以不用。
如果because从句置于主句之前,则为强调原因状语,此时从句与主句之间需要用逗号。
如果主句为否定句,because从句在主句之后,此时如果使用逗号,表示原因从句不在not的否定范围之内。如果不用逗号,则通常not的否定范围延伸到句末。例如:
I didn't do it, because I loved you. 因为我爱你,所以我没有做那件事。(否定范围不包括从句)(二个语调群,主句读降调,从句再读降调。)
I didn't do it because I loved you. 我不是因为爱你才做那件事的。(否定范围延伸至句末)
(一个语调群。主句和从句之间用平调过渡。)
2)关于时间状语
One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm.
During that time she covered a distance of eight miles.
以上两句前的时间状语后没有逗号
Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea.
Early next morning, she saw a light ahead.
介词短语作状语位于句首,如果介词短语不长,通常不需要用逗号,但该状语要读升调。
如果介词短语较长,则通常用逗号和主句隔开,仍然读升调。
书面语中的逗号,对应于口语中的停顿。停顿发生在意群和意群之间。停顿可以用于说话时的换气,停顿也可以表示强调,引起听话人的期待。意群之间是否停顿,取决于前一个意群是否很长,以及后一个意群是否需要强调。
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