1 主将从现中的从句时态为什么有时会使用现在进行时

老师,您好!

 

主将从现中,从句的时态,一般要使用一般现在时,然而,为什么有些从句中会使用现在进行时呢?例如:

If it's raining tomorrow, the sports can take place indoors.

(为什么不说If it rains tomorrow? 二者有何区别?)

 

If you are standing at the corner when I pass tomorrow, I'll give you a lift into town.

(为什么不说If you stand at the corner when I pass tomorrow? 二者有何区别?)

 

When you are talking with him, take care not to mention this.

(为什么不说When you talk with him? 二者有何区别?)

 

Will you post this letter for me if you are passing a postbox ?

(为什么不说if you pass a postbox? 二者有何区别?)

 

更多的例子如下:

I'll telephone you this afternoon while I'm waiting.

I'll think about it while you're writing this report.

If she is still waiting there when you see her, tell her to go home.

While you're travelling there, you must visit these places.

Suppose they're still worrying about this tomorrow. What shall I do?

If I am sleeping when he comes, wake me up, please.

如果将以上所列举的这些从句改为一般现在时,语义有何不同? 二者有何区别?

 

麻烦老师从语法,语义,用法等多方面加以分析解释,谢谢!

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最佳答案 2018-06-28 00:19


If it's raining tomorrow, the sports can take place indoors.

(为什么不说If it rains tomorrow? 二者有何区别?)

If you are standing at the corner when I pass tomorrow, I'll give you a lift into town.

(为什么不说If you stand at the corner when I pass tomorrow? 二者有何区别?)

When you are talking with him, take care not to mention this.

(为什么不说When you talk with him? 二者有何区别?)

Will you post this letter for me if you are passing a postbox ?

(为什么不说if you pass a postbox? 二者有何区别?)

 

【答】网友的4个为什么,其实就是一个。我给你明确的回答:用一般式(一般体)和进行式(进行体)都正确。进行体表示:某个动作在将来某个时间正在发生,它更加具体,更有情景。

“时态”——是“时”和“体”的完美结合。“将来时”是“时”,它可以有3种“体”:一般体、进行体、完成体。因此,就有了:

He will read the book tomorrow. 他明天将读这本书。

He will be reading the book this time tomorrow. 他明天这个时候正在读这本书。

He will have read the book by 5 pm tomorrow. 他到明天下午5点就会看完这本书。

你的问题,从本质上说,就是:在条件或时间从句中,原本应该使用将来进行时,而是用了现在进行时代替将来进行时。这跟使用一般现在时代替一般将来时、使用现在完成时代替将来完成时,是一个道理。——也就是说,在从句中,我们用现在这个“时”,取代将来这个“时”。仍然保留3种“体”。

下面,补充讲解:现在完成时用在“时间状语从句”或者“条件状语从句”中,表示将来业已完成的动作或状态,代替将来完成时。例如:

1. 时间状语从句:until, as soon as, when

We can't move in until the electricity has been laid on.  我们得等电源接通后才能搬进去。

I'll go to my granny's as soon as I have finished my homework. 我一完成作业就去奶奶家。

Don't forget to switch off when you have finished.  做完之后别忘了关掉。

2. 条件状语从句:if, once, as long as

If you have finished reading the book before I leave, please lend it to me. 如果你在我离开之前就读完了这本书,请借给我。

Once we have promised, we should keep it. 一旦许下诺言,我们务必遵守。

You can watch TV as long as you have finished your homework. 只要完成了作业,你就可以看电视。

3. 偶尔还用在让步状语从句中,如:

Even though you have set the bird free, it can hardly survive.  就算将来你放了这只鸟,它也很难活。

在以上各个从句中,我们可以用一般现在时代替现在完成时,意思差别不大。

 


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其它 1 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

从网友“主将从现中,从句的时态,一般要使用一般现在时”这种说法就可以看出所谓“主将从现”给英语学习者带来的误解有多深。

英语其实并没有所谓主将从现这个原则。正确的理解是,在时间或条件状语从句中,由于从句的谓语不牵涉情态意义(主语的意志或说话人的预测),因此通常不用will do, 而代之以现在的时的形式。至于动词的体,该用什么体还是用什么体。因此时间和条件状语从句中用一般体、进行体、完成体或完成进行体就是很自然的事了。并非时间和条件状语从句必须用一般现在时,这是理解错误。

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  • Pupil07 提出于 2018-06-13 15:13

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