Prosperity seemed so uniform and inevitable that country wives in Taegu and Chengdu got rice cookers—gaining all the more time to watch color TVs.
【参考译文】繁荣似乎是一致而且必然的,不论是(韩国)大邱还是成都的农村主妇都有了电饭煲—因而有更多时间看彩色电视。
请问:对于句子中的不定式短语to watch color TVs有两种解释,第一种解释:认为该不定式短语相当于定语从句in which these country wives could watch color TVs修饰先行词time。第二种解释:认为该不定式短语相当于状语从句so that these country wives could watch color TVs修饰动作gaining。哪一种解释合理?(句子中的修饰语即不定式短语to watch color TVs的修饰对象究竟为谁?)
不定式作定语,与被修饰名词为动状关系时,被修饰名词仅限于少数名词,如表示时间意义的名词、money以及表示货币名称的名词、place、way,reason等。这些名词均为that可以作为关系副词引导定语从句修饰的名词。这时不定式实为省略了关系副词that,定语从句中的主语(在主句出现)以及动词be的限定形式。例如:
1 I need money to buy a car.
2 = I need money that I am to buy a car.
3 = I need money with which I am to buy a car.
4 = I need money which I am to buy a car with.
句2中that为关系副词,在定语从句中作方式状语。关系副词that引导的定语从句均为非正式语体,that可以省略。还可以省略在主句中已经出现过的定语从句的主语及be。省略关系副词that,I, am, 则得到1:I need money to buy a car.
句3中关系代词做介词with的宾语,且with位于关系代词之前,这是典型的正式语体。因此,with which不可以省略。但定语从句的主语和be可以省略。省略I am后则得到5:
5 I need money with which to buy a car.
句4中介词with留在原处,为非正式语体,此时可以省略which,I, am, 则得到句6:
6 I need money to buy a car with.
句1、句5、句6均为不定式作定语。句1是句2的简略式,句5是句3的简略式,句6是句4的简略式。其中句3为正式语体,仅用于正式书面语体,口语中从来不用。
如果定语从句修饰的名词不能被关系副词that引导的从句修饰,则句1类型的不定式为错误,只能用句5或句6这种不定式作定语。例如:
7 I need a chair on which I am to sit. (正式)
8 I need a chair which I am to sit on. (非正式)
9 I need a chair that I am to sit. (错误。关系副词that的先行词不能是chair, 因此that是关系代词,句末必须使用介词on.)
10 I need a chair that I am to sit on. (非正式)
由句7省略I am, 得到I need a chair on which to sit. (正式书面语体)
由句8或句10省略that,I, am, 则得到:I need a chair to sit on. (非正式。介词on不可省略)。
句9为错句,因此I need a chair to sit.也是错句。
由此可知,不定式作定语,与被修饰名词为动状关系,仅限于少数可以被关系副词that引导的定语从句修饰的名词,不可滥用这种动状关系。因此必须了解哪些名词可以被关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰,由此决定不定式作定语是否可以是动状关系,即有关的介词是否可以省略。
When引导的定语从句不可以简略为不定式作定语。因此,when to do不能作定语。
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Prosperity seemed so uniform and inevitable that country wives in Taegu and Chengdu got rice cookers—gaining all the more time to watch color TVs.
【翻译】经济繁荣似乎是如此的一致而且必然,不论是(韩国)大邱还是成都的农村主妇都有了电饭煲——因而有了更多的时间看彩色电视。
不定式to watch color TVs:只有一种理解,就是作定语,修饰time。但是,它们之间不是所属关系,不是主谓关系,不是动宾关系,也不是同位关系,而是“动状关系”(动词和时间状语的关系)。即watch 是动词,time 是时间,说明watch 是在这些时间里发生的。因此:
1. gaining all the more time to watch color TVs 相当于
2. gaining all the more time in which to watch color TVs
3. gaining all the more time in which they were able to watch color TVs
比较而言,原句表达最简练。句2,句3语法不错,但稍嫌啰嗦。尤其句3,英美人一般不说。
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Prosperity seemed so uniform and inevitable that country wives in Taegu and Chengdu got rice cookers—gaining all the more time to watch color TVs.
【参考译文】繁荣似乎是如此的一致而且必然的,不论是(韩国)大邱还是成都的农村主妇都有了电饭煲—因而有更多时间看彩色电视
主句:Prosperity seemed so uniform and inevitable
从句:that country wives in Taegu and Chengdu got rice cookers—gaining all the more time to watch color TVs.
主语+系动词be+so+adj.+that 结果状语从句,主语如此....以至于....
(1)that连词引导结果状语从句
(2)to watch color TVs为不定式短语修饰前面的名词 time,不定式与被修饰名词属于动状关系。
(1)the time to do sth
(2)the time in which to do sth
(3)the time in which sb do sth
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