Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of salaried managers.

【参考译文】有限责任公司取代了许多老式的旧企业，这种有限公司由领薪水的经理组成管理机构。

with a bureaucracy of 带有一群....官僚主义/官僚作风/官僚制度人员 

They are faced with a mountain of bureaucracy.  

他们面对一大堆繁文缛节。

Because everybody knows everybody else, such groups can run with a minimum of bureaucracy.  

由于每个人互相认识, 这样的团体就可以维持一个最小化的行政系统.

The government of the Shang dynasty was highly centralized, with a king and royal bureaucracy.  

商朝的政权高度集中在国王和贵族官僚的手中.

with带有，具有的意思:

He was in his early forties, tall and blond with bright blue eyes.

他40出头儿，高高的个子，金黄头发，一双天蓝色眼睛。

Someone with an income of $34,895 can afford this loan.  

一个收入为34,895美元的人能负担得起这笔贷款。