7 戏剧的剧本里括号中的句型分析

1. Ada:(Spreading his hands, palms up, speaking to himself) What did I do to deserve this? Tell me what?

请问老师,不是应该是palms are up 吗?这里为何不用完整句型,是为了简练节约空间,毕竟是剧本?

Palms up 是名词短语,形容词作palms 的后置定语?palms up整体是个名词短语, 和前后的动名词短语speading his hands 以及speaking to himself 保持结构一致?是这样吗?


2.(The lights fade to black and quickly come up again Stage Left where there is an executive-type desk and chair and two other chairs. Behind the desk sits Linda, in charge of admitting new students to the high school. HEIDI and FATHER sit in the other chairs.)

Linda: So this is our new student, is it?


请教老师,“in charge of admitting new students to the high school”是介词短语作人物Linda的非限制性定语吗?这和非限制性定语从句who is in charge of admitting... ... high school 有何区别?同理,只是为了简练而省去了who is?有“介词短语可以作非限制性定语”这个说法吗?

谢谢老师。


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最佳答案 2018-04-18 17:01

1. Ada:(Spreading his hands, palms up, speaking to himself) What did I do to deserve this? Tell me what?

括号内部分为剧作者对剧中人说话时的伴随动作的描述,相当于say的伴随状语,故用现在分词spreading和speaking。Palms up 不是名词短语,而是独立主格结构,为spreading的伴随状语。独立主格结构本质上是分词作状语带有自己的逻辑主语,当分词为系词be的现在分词being时,通常省略being, 剩下主格名词或代词和表语。

2.(The lights fade to black and quickly come up again Stage Left where there is an executive-type desk and chair and two other chairs. Behind the desk sits Linda, in charge of admitting new students to the high school. HEIDI and FATHER sit in the other chairs.)

Linda: So this is our new student, is it?

是的,in charge of admitting new students to the high school”是介词短语作人物Linda的非限制性定语。可以认为这是非限制性定语从句who is in charge of admitting... ... high school 的缩减形式,也可以认为这就是一个介词短语作非限制性定语。一般的英语学习者第一次接触非限制性定语都是在学习定语从句的时候,于是就误以为所谓限制性或非限制性定语只是针对定语从句而言的,这是一个很大的误解。当然误解产生的原因不在学习者,而在教材和语法书没有给于足够的说明。其实不管什么结构作定语,都存在限制性和非限制性的问题。一个形容词作前置定语也存在这个定语是限制性还是非限制性的问题:限制性定语明确被修饰名词的所指范围,因为必不可少。非限制性定语提供补充信息,与名词的所指范围无关,因而省略后不影响基本意义。

We shouldn't eat fusty food.

这个句子中的形容词fusty (腐败的、发霉的)限定food的所指范围,没有这个定语,句子逻辑不通。这就是形容词作限制性定语,不可省略。改为定语从句则为:We shouldn't eat food that is fusty. 限制性定语从句。

He is a good student.

这个句子中的形容词good与student的所指无关,只是补充信息。去掉good,句子依然成立。good是非限制性定语。改为定语从句则为:He is a student, who is good.

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  • 007li 提出于 2018-04-15 02:05

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