原句:Police have arrested two boys for allegedly vandalising a honey business in the US state of lowa that killed half a million bees in late December. The damage(主) to 50 beehives at Wild Hill Honey farm in Sioux City(定) resulted in(谓) the honey bees(宾) freezing to death. for vandalising在这里是什么词性和用法呢?并且是现在分词还是动名词? in the US state of Iowa是算作整个句子的状语(额,就是翻译的时候放在句首的那种状语)还是修饰a honey business的定语? that引导的是什么类型的从句?that指代谁? 第二句freezing to death是什么成分?是复合宾语吗?
Police have arrested two boys 主谓宾 for allegedly vandalising a honey business in the US state of lowa 介词for+动名词短语作原因状语(其中in the US state of Iowa为honey buseness的定语)that killed half a million bees in late December 此为非限制性定语从句补充说明动名词短语.
说明:这个that从句显然是关系分句(传统语法中的定语从句),that为关系代词在分句中作主语。逻辑分析可知其先行项为vandalising(美式拼写)这个动名词短语。去掉这个that从句不影响主句的完整,因此这是非限制性关系分句。虽然通常that不能引导非限制定语从句,并且非限制性定语从句通常有逗号与先行项隔开,但偶尔我们还是可以看到that引导非限制性定语从句,看到非限制性定语从句没有逗号。这个that从句就是一个例外。当关系分句的先行项为动词短语时,通常这个关系分句都是非限制性的。绝大多数严谨的作者会用which来引导这样的关系分句,并且which前用逗号。但我们也应该知道that不能引导非限制性定语从句以及非限制性定语从句通常有逗号这二条都不是绝对的。因此,我们不能说这个that从句是语法错误,只能说这种that从句比较少见。国内英语教学没有告诉学生这种例外,可能会有老师或网友认为这个that从句是语法错误。更常见的句子可能是这样的:
Police have arrested two boys for allegedly vandalising a honey business in the US state of lowa,which killed half a million bees in late December.
The damage(主) to 50 beehives at Wild Hill Honey farm in Sioux City(定) resulted in(谓) the honey bees freezing to death 动名词复合结构作宾语(the honey bees为freezing to death的逻辑主语)
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