He didn’t ______ what he really wanted.
A. make clear B. make it clear
请问专家老师:这个题如何选?该不该用形式宾语 it?
网友的句子用不用形式宾语 it 均可以,即选 A 或 B 都可以。
用 it 时的理解:it 为形式宾语,clear 为宾补,what he really wanted 为真正的宾语。这个分析比较容易理解。
不用 it 的理解:make clear 的宾语为 what he really wanted,考虑到宾语较长,后移至句末,而将宾补置于宾语之前。
类似的例句再如:
Cut open the chillies and remove the seeds. 切开辣椒,把籽挖掉。
比较:Cut the chillies open and remove the seeds. 切开辣椒,把籽挖掉。
赞同蒋老师的解答。
网友一定要牢记make clear 这个用法:make 必须有宾语,clear 是形容词作宾补。当宾语太长时,就把它置于clear 之后,相信make 的宾语一定在句子的后面。例如:
We need to make clear the connection between social reform and economic development.
我们必须澄清社会变革与经济发展之间的关系。
(the connection between social reform and economic development 就是make 的宾语)
▲ 当名词性从句(that 或wh-word 引导均可)作make 的宾语时,都是置于clear 之后的。至于是否使用形式宾语it,均可。为了证明这个问题,我再提供一些例句:
1. 不用形式宾语it:
You must make clear to him that he should never be rude again.
你必须向他说明,他不应再这样无礼。
I tried to make clear to him that I'm not responsible for this.
我再三跟他解释这事与我无关。
You will have to make clear what you mean.
你得把你的意思说明白。
You should make clear what is to be done next.
你应当说清楚下一步该怎么做。
We, therefore, can make clear from the above discussion that perseverance can overcome any difficulty.
因此由上述讨论,我们可以明了毅力可以克服任何困难。
He made clear that he wholly disapproved of the plan.
他明确表示完全不同意这个计划。
When our new term will begin hasn't been made clear. (= It hasn't been made clear when ...)
我们的新学期什么时候开始还没弄清楚。
2. 使用形式宾语it:
I must make it clear I never laid a finger on her.
我得说清楚,我可没有动过她一根毫毛。
I want to make it clear, however, that no one is untouchable in this investigation.
但我想说明白一点,这次调查谁都逃不了。
I suggest that you work out a careful rota which will make it clear who tidies the room on which day.
我建议你制定一个详细的值班表,明确哪一天由谁整理房间。
Let me make it clear that I am not advocating the return to the traditional grammar — translation method.
让我明确一点,我并不是倡导重新恢复传统的语法——翻译法。
We want people to feel empowered, and make it clear that computers work for us.
我们希望的是人们感觉到更加有能力, 感觉到计算机是为他们工作的.
I must make it clear that I am in no sense a geography teacher。
必须先和大家讲清楚,我根本不是教地理的教师。
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在SVOC句型中(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补),
1 如果宾语是名词词组,则句型可以是SVOC,也可以是SVCO,即当名词词组较长或为了突出强调宾语,可将宾语至于宾补之后:
例如:He pushed the door open. He pushed open the door.
2 如果宾语是that从句或不定式,则必须使用形式宾语it,that从句或不定式至于宾补之后(外置宾语):
He made it clear that he would do it himself.
I think it necessary to start early.
即that从句或不定式不可以至于宾补之前。
3 如果宾语是从属疑问句(间接问句),则形式宾语it可用也可不用,二种结构都是正确的:(CGEL P 978)
I consider how he cheated us less important than why he did.
I consider it immaterial whether we do it now or later.
从以上二个例句可以看出,第一句宾补形容词为比较级后接than从句,宾补结构比宾语从句更长,正常的宾语+宾补结构符合尾重原则,故不使用形式宾语it。
第二句宾补仅有一个形容词,宾语从句比较长,采用形式宾语it,宾语从句外置符合尾重原则。
现在我们分析网友问题句中的what从句是间接问句还是名词性关系分句,即what是疑问代词还是融合型关系代词。如果是前者(即what为疑问代词),则以下二种结构都语法上都正确:
He didn't make what he really wanted clear.
He didn't make it clear what he really wanted.
但显然第二句更符合尾重原则,优于第一句。语法考试应该选择最佳答案,则B make it clear为最佳答案。
如果what是融合型关系代词,则what从句相当于一个名词词组,此时则不用形式宾语结构,以下二种形式在语法上都是正确的:
He didn't make clear what he really wanted.
He didn't make what he really wanted clear.
但第一句显然更符合尾重原则,优于第一句,故A make clear为最佳答案。
由此可见,选择A还是B,取决于what从句的性质。
在这个句子中what从句即可理解为间接问句,也可理解为名词性关系分句,因此A、B似乎都是正确的答案。但what作为疑问代词的可能性似乎更大一些,我猜测出题人认为what从句是个疑问句,故参考答案应该是B。如果要选择A,必须首先证明what是融合型关系代词,即what从句等于the thing which...
我倾向于选择B。
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He didn’t ______ what he really wanted.
A. make clear B. make it clear
请问专家老师:这个题如何选?该不该用形式宾语 it?
【答】《牛津英语用法指南》第三版607.5节指出:“当动词的宾语是分句、动词不定式或-ing结构,并且带宾语补足语时,常用it作为先行宾语。试比较:She made her views clear. 她表明了她的观点。She made it clear that she disagreed.她明确表示她不同意。(不能说:She made that she disagreed clear.)”此书447.1节还有一个例句:George made it clear what he wanted. 乔治说得很明白他要什么。
所以,只有B. make it clear可以作为此题的答案。