动名词逻辑主语的判断

After many years working and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

说是逻辑主语,又好像不对,工作的应是人。难道说 working and raising a family 是定语修饰years?

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最佳答案 2018-02-08 10:05

After many years working and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

这个句子不够规范。在形式上many years'的属格形式写成了通格形式,模仿了动名词的逻辑主语的非正式语体形式。但其实many years并不是动名词的逻辑主语,而应该是时间名词的属格形式作定语。早期英语中动名词是名词性质的,可以被形容词修饰,可以有限定词,不能接宾语,宾语需要由of介词短语引出作动名词的定语。例如:the terrible wasting of time. 后来在英语的演变中,动名词逐渐恢复了动词性质,即被副词修饰,直接后接宾语。唯一保留原来名词性质的是其逻辑主语仍然有限定词物主代词表示。换句话说,现代英语中,动名词除了逻辑主语用限定词(物主代词或名词属格)表示外(早期名词用法的残余),已经不再具有名词性质了,其内部结构与动词相同,即被副词修饰,直接后接宾语。早期的完全用作名词的动名词现在不叫动名词了,而叫做名词或名词化的动名词。即使现在,doing这种形式还在逐渐彻底摆脱名词痕迹的过程中---其逻辑主语由物主代词/属格名词(限定词)向通格名词/宾格代词过渡。

早期的纯粹名词用法的doing形式和现代动词性质的动名词doing形式并存,区别就是是否可以被所有任何限定词或形容词修饰,是否直接后接宾语,是否被副词修饰。由此我们可以判断出一个名词位置的doing是名词(即名词化的动名词)还是非谓语动词中的动名词。

网友的这个句子中的working和raising a family并列,后者直接接宾语为非谓语动词中的动名词,前者却是被属格名词many years'修饰的名词,逻辑上many years'也修饰raising a family.这种将名词化的动名词和非谓语动词中的动名词的混用仅仅在个别情况下是允许的,例如This wasting time.(this是限定词,修饰名词化的动名词,但后接宾语却是非谓语动词中的动名词。这种情况现在是少数倍认可的例外,不可推广使用)。

因此,网友的这个句子是不规范的句子,应该改进如下:

After working and raising a family for many years, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

for many years介词短语作状语,避免了名词化的动名词和非谓语动词动名词的混用。

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其它 2 个回答

刘永科   - 教育出版集团英语总顾问 & 英语系列图书主编
擅长:语法理论,语言学,文化背景

After many years working and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

【答】凭我感觉,这个句子像是中国学生自己创造的,很像中式英语,而且有小的错误。特改正如下:

After many years of hard work and raising a family, she was finally free to enjoy life.

After many years of working hard and raising a family, she was finally free to enjoy life.

【翻译】经过多年的辛劳和养家糊口之后,她终于可以自由地享受生活了。

【分析】

1. “在经过了......多少年后”,使用 after many years of + 名词/动名词。用of 所有格作定语,修饰years。

2. should 用得不当,尤其和finally 连用,因为finally 表示“结果”意义。

3. 网友关心的逻辑主语,这不是问题。hard work and raising a family 的逻辑主语自然是句子的主语she。


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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

After many years working and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

说是逻辑主语,又好像不对,工作的应是人。难道说 working and raising a family 是定语修饰years?

以上句子应该改为下面3种结构

(1)After many years of hard work and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

It cost him three years of toil to win.
他苦干了三年才获胜。

I see many years of trouble ahead.

我预见到日后将有许多麻烦。

(1)After many years of working hard and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

(1)After working and raising a family for many years, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

(1)After many years's working and raising a family, she should be finally free to enjoy herself.

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  • Yoga Fire 提出于 2018-02-05 14:59

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