对之前老师对网友的解答仍有疑惑

原题:

http://ask.yygrammar.com/q-22389.html  求翻译句子以及部分语法问题,具体请看问题补充。谢谢!

对陈老师之前的一道题的解答有一点疑惑,希望老师再次能帮助解答。非常感谢。

原文:

2)criticism his administration acted too slowly.

Criticism 接续 his administration acted too slowly 怎么中间也没有一个连词?

解答:Criticism (that / which) his administration acted too slowly, 可以看作关系代词在定语从句作宾语省略了来进行理解。

 

我觉得his administration acted too slowly是个完整的句子不缺少宾语, “his administration acted too slowly”更像是criticism的同位语,但是前面又没有不可省略的that。所以这个结构该如何理解呢?


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最佳答案 2018-01-24 17:22

Miumiu 网友:

猛然看到了你这个提问,感到惊喜。这么长时间里,怎么不提问问题了?

欢迎你重新回到“答疑网”,我们会认真为你解答问题的。


原翻译尚可,只是不够完美。为了更好理解句子意思,我重新翻译如下:

President Barack Obama on Friday all but named Russian President Vladimir Putin as behind Moscow's alleged attempts to meddle in the US election, vowing retaliation for the moves and defending himself against criticism his administration acted too slowly.

【翻译】周五,美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马险些把俄罗斯总统弗拉基米尔·普京称为涉嫌企图干预美国大选的幕后黑手。他发誓要对此举进行报复,并针对指责他的政府行动过于迟缓,而为自己进行辩护。

【翻译技巧】把同位关系的 criticism 和 his administration acted too slowly,翻译成“动宾关系”,更加符合习惯:“指责 → 他的政府行动过于迟缓”。

1. all but:几乎;险些儿

2. name ... as...,把...称作为...

3. vowing retaliation:发誓要报复,作“伴随或方式状语”。

4. criticism 和 his administration acted too slowly,后者是同位语从句。


【同位语从句省略that的深度分析】

1. that 引导名词性从句,由于没有实际词汇意义,与其说它是个从属连词,倒不如说,它是一个“标志词”。所谓“标志词”,意思是,它的作用只是名词性从句的一个“符号”,一个“影子”,表明这是一个“从句性质的名词”。

2. 语言的发展,趋于简洁明快,以适应人类快节奏的现代化生活。鉴于此,一些累赘的语言符号,只要不引起歧义,能省略则省略,能不说就不说。

3. 宾语从句省略that,已司空见惯。省略的深层原因是什么?因为:

(1)在人们交际时,我们潜意识已经知道,宾语从句之前的这个谓语动词,一定是陈述一个事实的,认为后面接宾语从句,是想当然的,所以,即便不要“标志词”that,我们也知道后面跟一个从句。所以,省略that便顺理成章了。这些动词如:say, think, report, hear等等,后接宾语从句非常普遍。

(2)如果宾语从句的主语是代词,那么省略that更容易接受,例如:

I believe he is a suitable man.

省略that后,谁也不会认为he 是believe 的宾语,不会造成歧义。因为,若是宾语,就用宾格了:I bleieve him.

4. 既然“标志词”that,能在宾语从句中省略,那么,延伸开来,在同位语从句中,that 能否省略呢?答案是肯定的。

5. 谓语动词和宾语从句之间,是一种动宾关系。如果某个名词跟后面的同位语从句,也存在这种关系,就是说,被“同位语从句”修饰的那个名词,含有动词意义的话,就有可能省略that。

我列举后面接“同位语从句”的两类名词:

(1)不可省略that的(纯名词意义):

news 消息 opinion 观点 possibility 可能性     problem 问题  probability 可能性 truth 事实proof 证据 opinion 观点

(2)可能省略that的(包含动词意义):

  belief 相信 doubt 怀疑explanation 解释 fear 害怕     feeling 感觉   hope 希望

  idea 知晓   news 消息     opinion 观点   risk 冒险order 命令

  promise 答应 reply 答复       report 报道    suggestion 建议 warning 警告

6. 省略that 举例:

The report (that) he was going to resign was false. 他将辞职的报道是假的。

Jim kept his promise (that) he would always do everything he could for Lucy to make sure of her happiness. 吉姆许诺愿意为露西做一切事情来保证她的幸福。他遵守了这一诺言。

The warning (that) teenagers should not smoke is reasonable. 青少年不该吸烟的警告是合情合理的。

We have received their reply (that) they won't reduce the price. 我们已经收到了他们的答复,他们将不降价。

I had a kind of feeling (that) this might happen. 

I had no idea (that) you were such an actor. 

There was a risk (that) the brain might be starved of oxygen. 

He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression (that) he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

7. 省略现象在新闻英语中,最为常见。“简练”是语言的精髓,新闻英语莫不如此。当今社会,新闻语言和网络语言,占据着人类交际语言的半壁江山。由各种多媒体运载的语言素材,纷沓而至,应接不暇。语法研究也要与时俱进,如果一味地从故纸堆里(包括数十年前出版的英语语法书、英语词典、英文报刊,以及所有的古典文学作品)寻找一成不变的理论证据,恐怕就会落伍的。

我在这里,绝不是否定,而是继承、借鉴和改进。

8. 关于“同位语从句”的翻译技巧:

因为某些被同位语修饰的名词,具有动词意义,所以它们与后面的同位语从句存在着“动宾关系”。鉴于此,当整个句子过于复杂,或者当同位语从句较长时,我们可以尝试按动宾关系翻译和处理。例如:

1. criticism his administration acted too slowly:批评/指责他的政府行动过于迟缓。

2. a kind of feeling (that) this might happen:隐约感觉到这事可能要发生。

3. his promise (that) he would always do everything:他答应他要做一切事情。

4. warning (that) teenagers should not smoke:警告青少年不该吸烟。

5. no idea (that) you were such an actor:不知道你是这样的一个演员。

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其它 2 个回答

曹荣禄  
擅长:动词用法,句法问题

criticism his administration acted too slowly

这不是定语从句,而是同位语从句。通常认为that引导同位语从句时,that不能省略,但确实在实际应用中会遇到省略that的同位语从句。例如:

I had a kind of feeling this might happen.
I had no idea you were such an actor.
There was a risk the brain might be starved of oxygen.
He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane.

以上四个句子黑体部分均为同位语从句省略了that。毕竟同位语从句省略that是比较少的,而且不少语法书认为同位语从句不能省略that,我们自己写英语时,最好不要省略that。

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陈才   - 英语教师
擅长:中考英语,词法问题

I totally agree with Teacher Cao and Teacher Liu and also thank the netizen called Miumiu for putting the problem here again for being discussed and solved  by other expert teachers by reason of something that needs to be improved and corrected.

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  • 王雨潭 提出于 2018-01-13 20:53

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