有时在书上看到“量词”与“数词”的表述。“数词”是十大词类中的一种,但“量词”并不是一种词类。比如:many 是量词还是数词?
我想知道英语中的“量词”与“数词”有何实际区别。谢谢专家!
“量词”,实际是表示“量”概念的名词,所以,语法书没有“量词”这个词类。
举一个简单的例子:
two cups of tea 两杯茶
two 是数词;cups 是表示“量”的名词,构成短语two cups of 修饰tea,说明tea 的数和量。
表示“量”概念的名词:piece(块),pile(堆),drop(滴),block(大块),bag(包),cup(杯),box(箱),bottle(瓶),galss(玻璃杯),basin(盆),basket(篮子),bar(条),crowd(群),group(组),team(队)等等。
我用复数列几个词组:
several pieces of news
several bags of corn
several boxs of sweets
several bottles of wine
several cups of milk
several glasss of beer
several basins of water
several piles of bricks
several baskets of fruit
several sheets of paper
several drops of rain
several small bars of chocolate
several blocks of ice
several grains of sand
several crowds of people
several groups of children
several teams of players
several sums of money
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单位名词简称“单位词”,是表示事物个体性的词语。单位词大多借用普通名词,因而一般具有词汇意义。
单位词(除了某些表示度量衡的单位词以外)一般都是借用普通名词,它们与其他名词的搭配关系一般比较固定。...... 现将英语中比较常用的单位词分类如下。
a)一般性表示个数的单位词:
piece a piece ofmeat/paper/chalk/cloth/coal/cake/bread/bacon/
ice/sugar/land/armour/music/folly/advice/news/information/
evidence/research/work/furniture ,etc
bit a bit of news/bread/wood/advice/grass/trouble , etc
item an item of news/information/crime/expenses/programme/business , etc
article an article of export/furniture/clothing/luggage , etc
b)以形状表示个数的单位词:
cake a cake of soap/ice
bar a bar of chocolate/candy
drop a drop of blood/water/oil/rain/dew , etc
ear an ear of corn/wheat/barley/millet , etc
flight a flight of stairs/steps/arrows/rockets/sparrows , etc
grain a grain of rice/sand/salt/common sanse , etc
head a / ten head of cabbage/cauliflower/cattle/sheep , etc
loaf a loaf of bread
lump a lump of sugar/coal/clay/earth , etc
spiral a spiral of mosquito incense (一盘蚊香)
slice a slice of meat/bread/cake/beef/ham , etc
c)表示容积的单位词:
bottle a bottle of ink/perfume/milk/wine/cough mixture , etc
bowl a bowl of rice/congee/porridge/millet/gruel , etc
pail
(bucket) a pail/bucket of water
glass a glass of beer
cup a cup of tea
(摘自章振邦主编的《新编高级英语语法》第235-236页)